大学生应付活动的测验研究

以ＣＯＰＥ量表为工具,对我国７４４名大学生的应付活动进行了测验研究。结果表明：（１）我国大学生应付活动主要有四种方式：针对问题积极主动应付、寻求社会支持、逃避和听之任之。（２）我国大学生在面临应激情境时,较多地采取“针对问题积极主动应付”和“寻求社会支持”的应付方式,而较少采取“逃避”和“听之任之”的应付方式,并表现出较大的情境差异、年级和性别差异,以及较小的专业、城乡和性格差异。（３）中国和美国大学生在应付活动中具有非常明显的社会文化差异     

学生道德品质自我评价倾向性的研究

本研究采用态度测量法,让不同年龄的学生(8、11、14、17、20岁)320人对八项道德品质作自我评价,也评价他人,以探讨其自我评价的倾向性。 研究表明,学生对于优良的道德品质的自我评价一般都高于他人对他的评价;对于不良品质的自我否定则一般都强于对优良品质的自我肯定;学生道德品质的自我评价表现出年龄差异与性别差异;从小学五年级开始,自我评价发生明显的转折,接近高年级而远离低年级,表示出该年龄阶段有特殊意义。     

关于幼儿嗅、味、动、触摸感觉道记忆的研究

记忆在幼儿心理的发展过程中,具有极为重要的作用。幼儿知识的掌握,语言的学习,技巧的培养,以至个性的形成,都与记忆活动密切联系。国内外关于幼儿记忆的研究,主要限于有意与无意识记,机械与意义识记,形象与语词记忆等方面,很少从不同感觉道输入信息来进行比较。有的实验虽然涉及到不同感觉道的记忆,但被试者都是7岁以上的儿童,如斯梅德利(Smedley)和三岛、横尾等人的研究。为了全面了解幼儿的记忆发展水平,我们设计了关于幼儿不同感觉道记忆的实验研究,试图通过对幼儿各个感觉道输入信息来全面测查幼儿的视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉、动觉和触摸党的记忆水平,了解其发展规律及特点,以便为幼儿记忆的理论研究提供实验数据,为幼儿教育提供心理学依据。     

Presence and television.

Film and a number of emerging entertainment technologies offer media consumers an illusion of nonmediation known as presence. To investigate the possibility that television can evoke presence, 65 undergraduate students were shown brief examples of rapid point‐of‐view movement from commercially available videotapes on a television with either a small screen (12 inches [30.5 cm], measured diagonally) or a large screen (46 inches [116.8 cm]). Participants' responses were measured via a questionnaire and a computer‐based recording of arousal (electrodermal activity). Viewers of both televisions reported an enjoyable sense of physical movement, excitement, involvement, and a sense of participation. Furthermore, as predicted, participants who watched the large screen television thought the movement in the scenes was faster, experienced a greater sense of physical movement, enjoyed the movement to a greater extent, found the viewing experience more exciting, and were more physiologically aroused. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.     

宣传科学无神论的好教材--读《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本)有感

拿到《科学无神论》(大中小学系列读本) 后,一口气将其中的小学生、中学生读本读完,然 后把小学生读本拿给上小学四年级的儿子,看到他 也深深的被书中的章节所吸引。我相信这是一套适 合孩子们阅读的、宣传科学知识的好书:一套有益 于孩子们树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观的, 有益于他们成长的好书。     

方以智"密衍"思想发微

方以智易学中的"密衍"思想,主要体现在"<河图>变<洛书>"的过程中,认为<河图>强调五行相生,而<洛书>强调五行相克,二者展示了儒家所推崇的生生之德.由"金火易位"出发,方以智等人深化了对"五行尊火为宗"与"金生水"等命题的认识,形成了较为系统的全新观念.     

亲亲相隐何时休?关系对揭发意向影响的边界

当组织中做出不道德行为的人跟自己关系非常亲近时,员工可能不会揭发他们的不道德行为,进而给组织带来潜在的隐患。鉴于先前研究较少关注如何降低不道德情境中关系的包庇作用,本研究考察了组织和个体特征在削弱关系与揭发负向关系方面扮演的调节角色。结果表明,关系会抑制员工对不道德行为的揭发意向(研究1~3),且关系对员工揭发意向的负向影响受到了组织关系取向(研究1和3)与员工正直(研究2和3)的调节。随着组织关系取向的下降或员工正直程度的提升,关系对员工揭发意向的抑制作用逐步降低。这些结果对于组织内部揭发机制设计具有借鉴意义。     

礼仪中的鲜花——试析佛教建筑中的花卉母题

在中、印很多古代石窟或寺院建筑的屋顶、立柱等部位,经常会看到很多花卉图案,笔者认为它与佛教的一项重要礼仪,即散花供养密切相关。本文从经典出发,阐明散花供养在佛教中的重要作用,并结合中、印石窟建筑以及斯里兰卡地面寺院建筑的具体实例,探讨散花礼仪在建筑中的体现及其功能。     

Risk-Taking and Creativity: Convergent,but Not Divergent Thinking Is Better in Low-Risk Takers

The relationship between risk-taking and creativity is critical to understanding social harmony and innovation. Although some studies have assessed the link between risk-taking and divergent thinking, the association between risk-taking and convergent thinking remains unclear. Two studies were conducted to systemically investigate whether risk-taking is linked to convergent thinking. In Study 1, a sample of 127 healthy participants performed a Chinese remote associate test (RAT) and completed a risk-taking questionnaire. As predicted, risk-taking was negatively correlated with RAT performance, implying that risk-taking has a negative association with convergent thinking. Study 2 was an online survey study that replicated Study 1 and extended the measures to include self-rated risk and a measure of divergent thinking (the alternate uses task). The findings were fully replicated, showing that low risk-taking goes with better convergent thinking and risk-taking was not significantly correlated with divergent thinking. Furthermore, the risk-taking/convergent-thinking relationship was best described by a linear regression model in both studies. Taken together, these results suggest that appropriate reductions in risk-taking can boost convergent thinking.     

Vocabulary growth rate from preschool to school‐age years is reflected in the connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus in 14‐year‐old children

The acquisition of language involves the functional specialization of several cortical regions. Connectivity between these brain regions may also change with the development of language. Various studies have demonstrated that the arcuate fasciculus was essential for language function. Vocabulary learning is one of the most important skills in language acquisition. In the present longitudinal study, we explored the influence of vocabulary development on the anatomical properties of the arcuate fasciculus. Seventy‐nine Chinese children participated in this study. Between age 4 and age 10, they were administered the same vocabulary task repeatedly. Following a previous study, children's vocabulary developmental trajectories were clustered into three subgroups (consistently good, catch‐up, consistently poor). At age 14, diffusion tensor imaging data were collected. Using ROI‐based tractography, the anterior, posterior and direct segments of the bilateral arcuate fasciculus were delineated in each child's native space. Group comparisons showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in the left arcuate fasciculus of children in the consistently poor group, in particular in the posterior and direct segments of the arcuate fasciculus. No group differences were observed in the right hemisphere, nor in the left anterior segment. Further regression analyses showed that the rate of vocabulary development, rather than the initial vocabulary size, was a specific predictor of the left arcuate fasciculus connectivity.