Christopher Nathan 《Journal of applied philosophy》2017,34(3):370-388

Does undercover police work inevitably wrong its targets? Or are undercover activities justified by a general security benefit? In this article I argue that people can make themselves liable to deception and manipulation. The debate on undercover policing will proceed more fruitfully if the tactic can be conceptualised along those lines, rather than as essentially ‘dirty hands’ activity, in which people are wronged in pursuit of a necessary good, or in instrumentalist terms, according to which the harms of undercover work are straightforwardly overcome by its benefits. This article motivates the ‘liability view’ and describes its attractions, challenges, and implications.  相似文献   

    

Marco J. Nathan  Guillermo Del Pinal 《Philosophy Compass》2017,12(7)

This article presents and discusses one of the most prominent inferential strategies currently employed in cognitive neuropsychology, namely, reverse inference. Simply put, this is the practice of inferring, in the context of experimental tasks, the engagement of cognitive processes from locations or patterns of neural activation. This technique is notoriously controversial because, critics argue, it presupposes the problematic assumption that neural areas are functionally selective. We proceed as follows. We begin by introducing the basic structure of traditional “location‐based” reverse inference (§1) and discuss the influential lack of selectivity objection (§2). Next, we rehearse various ways of responding to this challenge and provide some reasons for cautious optimism (§3). The second part of the essay presents a more recent development: “pattern‐decoding reverse inference” (§4). This inferential strategy, we maintain, provides an even more convincing response to the lack of selectivity charge. Due to this and other methodological advantages, it is now a prominent component in the toolbox of cognitive neuropsychology (§5). Finally, we conclude by drawing some implications for philosophy of science and philosophy of mind (§6).  相似文献   

    

Max Weber; 《The Ecumenical review》2024,76(1-2):119-136

This article takes as its point of departure the suggestion by the World Council of Churches (WCC) that the capitalist economic system is the root cause of current crises, in particular the climate catastrophe. In facing the world crises, the ecumenical movement has developed an approach called the “Economy of Life.” Member churches of the WCC, as well as other institutions, are asked to engage with and promote this approach. This article investigates whether and how the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), a member church of the WCC, has adopted the concept of an economy of life with its notion of a necessary change of the economic system. The findings show that, in the period analyzed, the EKD did not mention the concept, nor did it oppose or assess the capitalistic and neoliberal economic system.  相似文献   

    

Nathan Hofer 《Religion》2018,48(1):136-139

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Nathan Hofer 《Religion》2018,48(2):332-335

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Fiona Leahy  Nathan Ridout  Carol Holland 《Memory (Hove, England)》2018,26(9):1310-1322

Autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) reduces with increasing age and is associated with depression, social problem-solving and functional limitations. However, ability to switch between general and specific, as well as between positive and negative retrieval, may be more important for the strategic use of autobiographical information in everyday life. Ability to switch between retrieval modes is likely to rely on aspects of executive function. We propose that age-related deficits in cognitive flexibility impair AMS, but the “positivity effect” protects positively valenced memories from impaired specificity. A training programme to improve the ability to flexibly retrieve different types of memories in depressed adults (MemFlex) was examined in non-depressed older adults to determine effects on AMS, valence and the executive functions underlying cognitive flexibility. Thirty-nine participants aged 70+ (MemFlex, n?=?20; control, n?=?19) took part. AMS and the inhibition aspect of executive function improved in both groups, suggesting these abilities are amenable to change, although not differentially affected by this type of training. Lower baseline inhibition scores correlated with increased negative, but not positive AMS, suggesting that positive AMS is an automatic process in older adults. Changes in AMS correlated with changes in social problem-solving, emphasising the usefulness of AMs in a social environment.  相似文献   

    

Pubudu L.W. Jayasekara  Nathan Adelgren  Margaret M. Wiecek 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》2020,27(3-4):189-202

Focusing on (strictly) convex multiobjective programs (MOPs), we review some well‐established scalarizations in multiobjective programming from the perspective of parametric optimization and propose a modified hybrid scalarization suitable for a class of specially structured convex MOPs. Because multiobjective quadratic programs are a prominent class of convex MOPs due to their broad applicability, we review the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for computing their efficient solutions. These two lines of investigation are merged to solve multiobjective portfolio optimization problems with three or more quadratic objective functions, a class of problems that has not been solved before. Computational examples are provided.  相似文献   

    

Courtney Filippi  Yeo Bi Choi  Nathan A. Fox  Amanda L. Woodward 《Developmental science》2020,23(2)

The mechanisms that support infant action processing are thought to be involved in the development of later social cognition. While a growing body of research demonstrates longitudinal links between action processing and explicit theory of mind (TOM), it remains unclear why this link emerges in some measures of action encoding and not others. In this paper, we recruit neural measures as a unique lens into which aspects of human infant action processing (i.e., action encoding and action execution; age 7 months) are related to preschool TOM (age 3 years; n = 31). We test whether individual differences in recruiting the sensorimotor system or attention processes during action encoding predict individual differences in TOM. Results indicate that reduced occipital alpha during action encoding predicts TOM at age 3. This finding converges with behavioral work and suggests that attentional processes involved in action encoding may support TOM. We also test whether neural processing during action execution draws on the proto‐substrates of effortful control (EC). Results indicate that frontal alpha oscillatory activity during action execution predicted EC at age 3—providing strong novel evidence that infant brain activity is longitudinally linked to EC. Further, we demonstrate that EC mediates the link between the frontal alpha response and TOM. This indirect effect is specific in terms of direction, neural response, and behavior. Together, these findings converge with behavioral research and demonstrate that domain general processes show strong links to early infant action processing and TOM.  相似文献   

    

Nathan A. Shlobin  Joshua M. Rosenow  Paul J. Ford 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2020,20(7):196-198

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Nathan Nobis  Stephen Sodeke 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2020,20(4):100-101

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