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151.
Reinforcement learning (RL) models of decision‐making cannot account for human decisions in the absence of prior reward or punishment. We propose a mechanism for choosing among available options based on goal‐option association strengths, where association strengths between objects represent previously experienced object proximity. The proposed mechanism, Goal‐Proximity Decision‐making (GPD), is implemented within the ACT‐R cognitive framework. GPD is found to be more efficient than RL in three maze‐navigation simulations. GPD advantages over RL seem to grow as task difficulty is increased. An experiment is presented where participants are asked to make choices in the absence of prior reward. GPD captures human performance in this experiment better than RL. 相似文献
152.
Rawan Charafeddine Hugo Mercier Fabrice Clément Laurence Kaufmann André Berchtold Anne Reboul 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(4):587-607
A series of four experiments investigated preschoolers’ abilities to make sense of dominance relations. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that as early as 3 years old, preschoolers are able to infer dominance not only from physical supremacy but also from decision power, age, and resources. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that preschoolers have expectations regarding the ways in which a dominant and a subordinate individual are likely to differ. In particular, they expect that an individual who imposes his choice on another will exhibit higher competence in games and will have more resources. 相似文献
153.
Hiroshi Yama Ken I. Manktelow Hugo Mercier Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst Kyung Soo Do Yayoi Kawasaki 《Thinking & reasoning》2013,19(4):346-371
Hindsight bias is a mistaken belief that one could have predicted a given outcome once the outcome is known. Choi and Nisbett (2000) reported that Koreans showed stronger hindsight bias than Americans, and explained the results using the distinction between analytic cognition (Westerners) and holistic cognition (Easterners). The purpose of the present study was to see whether hindsight bias is stronger among Easterners than among Westerners using a probability judgement task, and to test an “explicit–implicit” hypothesis and a “rule-dialectics” hypothesis. We predicted that the implicit process is more active among Easterners to generate hindsight bias, and that Easterners are more dialectical thinkers, whereas Westerners are more rule-based thinkers. French, British, Japanese, and Korean participants were asked to make probabilistic judgements in a Good Samaritan scenario (Experiment 1) and in a scenario including conditional probabilistic judgement (Experiment 2). In both Experiments, we presume that the implicit revision of causal models is made just by being given unexpected outcome information, and that explicit revision is made by being asked to point out possible factors for an unexpected outcome. In the results Easterners showed greater hindsight bias generally and it was greater in the Good Samaritan scenario. We conclude that the reason why hindsight bias was lower among Westerners is primarily that they tried to follow a rule to suppress the bias. 相似文献
154.
Abstract In this article, it is argued that a convergence between the (post-)analytic and continental traditions in philosophy is unlikely. Both traditions have fundamentally different approaches to questions concerning consciousness and subjectivity. They also differ in their conception of the role of philosophy, if we are to become autonomous and reflective humans beings.To illustrate this, a comparison is made between the work of the continental philosopher Dieter Henrich and the ‘post-analytic’ philosopher Thomas Nagel, who is often seen as a typical ‘converger‘. 相似文献
155.
The Role of Psychological Climate in Neutralizing the Effects of Organizational Politics on Work Outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian Kiewitz Wayne A. Hochwarter Gerald R. Ferris Stephanie L. Castro 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(6):1189-1207
The present study examined the moderating impact of psychological climate on the relationship between perceived organizational politics and both commitment and turnover intent. Data were gathered from 131 restaurant employees who completed surveys at work. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a 6-factor conceptualization (supportive management, role clarity, contribution, recognition, self-expression, and challenge) provided the most adequate model representation of the psychological climate construct. Results indicate that politics perceptions interacted with each climate factor (with the exception of challenge) in predicting commitment. Conversely, politics perceptions interacted only with supportive management and self-expression to predict turnover intent. Implications for theoretical development and empirical research in this domain are provided. 相似文献
156.
157.
Andreas Großmann,Spur zum Heiligen: Kunst und Geschichte im Widerstreit zwischen Hegel und Heidegger
Continental Philosophy Review - 相似文献
158.
One perennial policy question in Canada concerns the kind of immigrants Canada should admit. Should it be those with the best prospects of fast economic assimilation in the labour market?. This research note sketches the earnings outcomes of immigrants associated with different admission categories. Specifically, we examine two databases. The Immigration Data Base (IMDB) provides information on admission categories by linking immigration, administrative records with income tax files. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) is a longitudinal sample that provides a comprehensive profile of immigrants and native-born Canadians. The IMDB and SLID datasets provide valuable information on the economic outcomes of immigrants in quite different ways. 相似文献
159.
Robert Nichols David R. Loy Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh Carol Thirumaran Carl Olson N. Sreekumar M. Whitney Kelting Narasingha P. Sil Gereon Kopf M. Whitney Kelting John E. Cort Prabha C. Reddy Wayne Howard Deepak Sarma James B. Apple Steven E. Lindquist David Carpenter Carl Olson Carl Olson Ramakrishna Puligandla Hillary Rodrigues Katherine E. Ulrich Tamar Reich 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2003,7(1-3):193-228
160.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献