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111.
Elder JH Donaldson SO Kairalla J Valcante G Bendixen R Ferdig R Self E Walker J Palau C Serrano M 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):263-271
Literature regarding fathers of children with autism remains sparse, and because mothers are the more common intervening parent,
few training methods have focused on fathers. Thus, we sought to evaluate effects of in-home training directed at fathers
and their ability to train mothers in the same manner in which they were trained. Fathers were taught four skills commonly
associated with in-home training interventions for parents of children with autism: following the child’s lead, imitation
with animation, commenting on the child, and expectant waiting. Father skills were evaluated twice a week for 12 weeks during
videotaped in-home father–child play sessions. Analyses included visual inspection of graphed data and statistical analyses
of father skill acquisition, mother skill acquisition, and child behaviors with both parents. A multivariate repeated measures
analysis of 18 dyads revealed significant increases in frequencies of fathers’ imitation with animation, expectant waiting,
and commenting on the child. Child initiating rates increased significantly as did frequencies of child non-speech vocalizations.
Analysis of mothers revealed significant increases in frequencies of imitation with animation, expectant waiting, and following
the child’s lead. Child behaviors had similar results for father and mother sessions. Findings are consistent with those from
our first study indicating that fathers can effectively implement skills that promote father–child social interactions and
that children respond positively to this approach. 相似文献
112.
The wraparound process has emerged as perhaps the most frequently implemented comprehensive approach for planning and providing
individualized, community-based care for children and adolescents with serious mental health conditions. Providing comprehensive
care through the wraparound process necessarily requires a high level of collaboration across organization and agency boundaries.
This need for significant inter-agency or “system-level” collaboration creates a complex implementation environment for wraparound.
It is therefore not surprising that creating and sustaining a hospitable implementation environment has proven to be extremely
challenging. For the people who are responsible for managing the inter-organizational collaboration, it is not easy to evaluate
the adequacy of local system-level support for wraparound and to see exactly what kinds of supports are lacking or where system-development
efforts should focus. Furthermore, as system-development strategies are put into practice, it can be difficult to assess whether
or not meaningful progress is occurring. The Community Supports for Wraparound Inventory (CSWI) was developed to respond to
the need for an assessment of the extent to which a community has developed system-level capacity to implement wraparound.
This article reports on a study that evaluated the reliability and validity of the CSWI for use in communities implementing
wraparound. Findings indicate that the CSWI shows promise as a reliable, valid and useful tool. 相似文献
113.
A mental scanning paradigm was used to examine the representation of nonspeech sounds in working memory. Participants encoded sonifications – nonspeech auditory representations of quantitative data – as either verbal lists, visuospatial images, or auditory images. The number of tones and overall frequency changes in the sonifications were also manipulated to allow for different hypothesized patterns of reaction times across encoding strategies. Mental scanning times revealed different patterns of reaction times across encoding strategies, despite the fact that all internal representations were constructed from the same nonspeech sound stimuli. Scanning times for the verbal encoding strategy increased linearly as the number of items in the verbal representation increased. Scanning times for the visuospatial encoding strategy were generally slower and increased as the metric distance (derived metaphorically from frequency change) in the mental image increased. Scanning times for the auditory imagery strategy were faster and closest to the veridical durations of the original stimuli. Interestingly, the number of items traversed in scanning a representation significantly affected scanning times across all encoding strategies. Results suggested that nonspeech sounds can be flexibly represented, and that a universal per-item scanning cost persisted across encoding strategies. Implications for cognitive theory, the mental scanning paradigm, and practical applications are discussed. 相似文献
114.
There is a pressing need to address prejudice, racism, and discrimination against marginalised groups in Australia. This involves change from the structural to the individual level. In this article, we discuss the merits of individual anti‐prejudice mechanisms within the Australian context. First, we expand on nine mechanisms described in a previous paper and then review five new mechanisms. We conclude that while some mechanisms are likely to be useful regardless of location, others need to be tailored to the local context. We also conclude that effective interventions need to utilise multiple mechanisms. It is hoped that the synthesis of the different mechanisms provided here will assist anti‐prejudice researchers, practitioners, and policymakers striving to improve relations among different groups in our society. 相似文献
115.
The purpose of this study was to examine the "lived experience" of Asian Indian (AI)-White couples in interracial marriages. Ten highly educated AI-White professional couples were individually interviewed about their subjective experience of being in an interracial marriage, the challenges and strengths of this marriage, and the potential role of culture in their marriages. Data were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research methodology. Results indicated that the couples' marital experiences were influenced by a complex intersection of ecosystemic factors with significant psychological impacts. These findings highlight shortcomings in drawing simplistic conclusions regarding the success or failure of an interracial marriage and have important implications for theory, research, and clinical practice. 相似文献
116.
117.
Michelle Noonan Helen Lindner Karen Walker 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2010,28(2):73-86
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by profound and prolonged exhaustion and
has no clear pathological marker. This study investigated the role of illness severity and secondary beliefs in depression
among a CFS cohort, using the A–B–C framework of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Empirical research has consistently
found that CFS patients tend to hold more negative cognitions about their illness, which could be associated with greater
severity and emotional deficits. Specifically, secondary beliefs were explored as a mediating factor; as evidence suggests
that secondary beliefs can result in dysfunctional emotions and/or behaviors, such as depression. Furthermore, it is estimated
that up to 80% of CFS patients concurrently have depression. There were 156 participants with CFS who completed a questionnaire
pack, which included the revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Secondary Beliefs Scale (SBS), and the
Cardiac Depression Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that secondary beliefs mediated the relationship between
illness severity and depression. Specifically, the approval and comfort subscales of the SBS were significantly associated
with depression. The current findings indicated that secondary beliefs could be an important focus in treatment of depression
in chronic illness. As the mediating role of secondary beliefs is a new research finding, it is advised that further exploratory
research is required. 相似文献
118.
To better understand the greater prevalence of depression among women, compared to men, we explored the darker side of accommodating others by examining where maladaptive relational constructs fit within a general structural framework provided by the interpersonal circumplex and 5-factor model of personality. Participants were four samples of undergraduate students (Ns = 302–2070) who completed questionnaires. Results indicated two clusters of maladaptive items: Submission with Connection and Submission without Connection. In general, the most maladaptive relational constructs were concentrated in the first cluster and were located in the low agency, low communion region of the interpersonal circumplex. 相似文献
119.
McMurray MS Joyner PW Middleton CW Jarrett TM Elliott DL Black MA Hofler VE Walker CH Johns JM 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,11(5):398-410
Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocaine-treated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes. 相似文献