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241.
The present study investigated the impact of physical attractiveness and résuméquality on the evaluation of job applicants in the screening phase of the selection process. One hundred and eighty participants were asked to imagine they were a recruiting officer and to screen an application for the position of graduate trainee manager. Participants read a job advertisement and one of two versions of a curriculum vitae, which differed in quality. Attached to the front page of each curriculum vitae was a passport-sized head-and-shoulders photograph of either an average or an attractive female. A control condition with no attached photograph was also included. Participants judged the likelihood with which they would offer an interview to the applicant, the quality of the application, and the likely starting salary they would offer the applicant. Results indicated that attractiveness had no impact when the quality of the application was high but that attractiveness was an advantage when the application was mediocre. When the résumé quality was average the attractive applicant was evaluated more positively than the control, no photograph, applicant; an attractive photograph boosted the evaluation of a mediocre application. Results are discussed in terms of discrimination and implications for the field of human resource management. 相似文献
242.
Dalgleish T Williams JM Golden AM Perkins N Barrett LF Barnard PJ Yeung CA Murphy V Elward R Tchanturia K Watkins E 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2007,136(1):23-42
It has been widely established that depressed mood states and clinical depression, as well as a range of other psychiatric disorders, are associated with a relative difficulty in accessing specific autobiographical information in response to emotion-related cue words on an Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; J. M. G. Williams & K. Broadbent, 1986). In 8 studies the authors examined the extent to which this relationship is a function of impaired executive control associated with these mood states and clinical disorders. Studies 1-4 demonstrated that performance on the AMT is associated with performance on measures of executive control, independent of depressed mood. Furthermore, Study 1 showed that executive control (as measured by verbal fluency) mediated the relationship between both depressed mood and a clinical diagnosis of eating disorder and AMT performance. Using a stratified sample in Study 5, the authors confirmed the positive association between depressed mood and impaired performance on the AMT. Studies 6-8 involved experimental manipulations of the parameters of the AMT designed to further indicate that reduced executive control is to a significant extent driving the relationship between depressed mood and AMT performance. The potential role of executive control in accounting for other aspects of the AMT literature is discussed. 相似文献
243.
Lametti Daniel R. Quek Marcus Y. M. Prescott Calum B. Brittain John-Stuart Watkins Kate E. 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2020,27(3):544-552
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Our understanding of the adaptive processes that shape sensorimotor behavior is largely derived from studying isolated movements. Studies of visuomotor... 相似文献
244.
Edward R. Watkins 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(3):160-175
A sample of 116 patients with unipolar mood disorders referred to a specialist research clinic were assessed to investigate
(a) whether rumination is a transdiagnostic process that is related to co-morbid Axis I and II symptoms and diagnosis in depressed
patients; (b) whether common findings in the depressive rumination literature could be replicated in a recurrent depressed
sample. Consistent with the transdiagnostic hypothesis, rumination was positively associated with both depression and anxiety,
brooding was related to co-morbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and rumination was associated
with traits associated with borderline personality disorder, most notably self-report of unstable relationships and inconsistent
sense of self. As predicted, rumination was equivalent in currently depressed and formerly depressed patients, suggesting
that rumination is not simply dependent on mood state or clinical status. As predicted, the brooding subtype most strongly
correlated with depressed and anxious symptoms, consistent with previous observations that brooding is the more maladaptive
form of rumination. As predicted, rumination was associated with reports of sexual abuse. Inconsistent with previous findings,
there was no gender difference in rumination. 相似文献
245.
EMPLOYEE SELF-SERVICE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE: A COMPARISON OF PRE-IMPLEMENTATION AND POST-IMPLEMENTATION RELATIONSHIPS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Implementation of employee self-service (ESS) technology presents a variety of challenges for organizations as they strive to maximize return on investment and change management. Using a research framework grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study examines factors that enhance user acceptance of ESS technology both before and after implementation. Results suggest that employees are more likely to intend to use ESS technology when they have positive attitudes toward using it and when subjective norms in the organization support use of the technology. Perceived organizational support (POS) enhanced the effect of managerial pressure on perceptions of normative beliefs supporting use of the technology post-implementation. Implications of the research and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
246.
先贤用天象来解释乾卦六龙,但由于未涉及具体的星宿证据,不能断定乾卦爻辞只能来自与苍龙有关的天象。本文发现乾卦爻辞中按天象出现的先后顺序,除了容易被泛哲理化解释的“龙”之外,还隐含着五个星宿信息,即天田、健闭、天渊、鱼、天渊,因此可断言这些爻辞的原型来自天象。 相似文献
247.
Laci Watkins Mark O'Reilly Michelle Kuhn Katherine Ledbetter‐Cho 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2019,52(1):132-149
The literature suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) educated in inclusive settings generally do not interact with typically developing classmates during social activities. This study assessed whether an intervention package consisting of interest‐based structured play activities involving adult instruction, modeling, and response to child questions would result in an increase in social interaction with typically developing peers. A multiple baseline design across four participants with an embedded reversal was used to demonstrate the effects of the intervention on social interaction during structured play sessions. Initiations, responses, and interactive play increased for all participants. Generalization to novel peers was observed, and treatment gains were maintained during 6‐week follow‐up sessions. Recommendations for practitioners working with children with ASD in inclusive settings and potential areas of future research are discussed. 相似文献
248.
Processing mode causally influences emotional reactivity: distinct effects of abstract versus concrete construal on emotional response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three studies are reported showing that emotional responses to stress can be modified by systematic prior practice in adopting particular processing modes. Participants were induced to think about positive and negative scenarios in a mode either characteristic of or inconsistent with the abstract-evaluative mind-set observed in depressive rumination, via explicit instructions (Experiments 1 and 2) and via implicit induction of interpretative biases (Experiment 3), before being exposed to a failure experience. In all three studies, participants trained into the mode antithetical to depressive rumination demonstrated less emotional reactivity following failure than participants trained into the mode consistent with depressive rumination. These findings provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that processing mode modifies emotional reactivity and support the processing-mode theory of rumination. 相似文献
249.
Baratta MV Lucero TR Amat J Watkins LR Maier SF 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(2):84-87
A prior experience of behavioral control over a stressor interferes with subsequent Pavlovian fear conditioning, and this effect is dependent on the activation of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFCv) at the time of the initial experience with control. It is unknown whether mPFCv activity is necessary during fear learning and/or testing for this interference to occur. One week following controllable stress, the infralimbic cortex (IL) was temporarily inactivated either before fear learning or later testing. Inactivation of the IL before the test for conditioned fear, but not before conditioning, blocked the fear reducing effects of prior controllable stress. This suggests that the experience with control interferes with the expression of fear behavior and not the learning of the association, and that the mPFCv is needed to regulate conditioned fear behavior. 相似文献
250.
以北京市806名流动儿童和319名城市儿童为被试,采用问题行为问卷、小五人格问卷和家庭功能问卷,考察流动儿童问题行为的特点及其与城市儿童的差异,并探讨人格和家庭功能对流动儿童问题行为的影响。结果发现:(1)流动儿童内、外化问题行为的自我报告率分别达到了31.0%2、0.1%,与城市儿童相比,流动儿童的内化问题行为较为突出。(2)人格的情绪性、开放性显著正向预测流动儿童的内化问题题行为,外向性、家庭功能的亲密度显著负向预测其内化问题行为,情绪性、开放性显著正向预测流动儿童的外化问题行为,宜人性、谨慎性、亲密度显著负向预测外化问题行为。(3)人格在家庭功能的亲密度与内化问题行为之间起部分中介作用,在亲密度与外化问题行为之间起完全中介作用。 相似文献