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731.
Jeffrey Klibert Dorian A. Lamis Walt Collins K. Bryant Smalley Jacob C. Warren C. Thresa Yancey Carrie Winterowd 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2014,92(1):75-82
This study examined the relations among perfectionism dimensions, resilience, and distress. Participants were 413 undergraduate students. All 3 of Hewitt and Flett's (2004) dimensions of perfectionism were associated with greater reports of depression and anxiety; however, only socially prescribed perfectionism was significantly associated with resilience. Results indicated that resilience partially mediated the relations between socially prescribed perfectionism and distress. Implications for counselors in the prevention, assessment, and treatment of depression and anxiety are discussed. 相似文献
732.
Jeffrey B. Vancouver Nicole L. Gullekson Brendan J. Morse Michael A. Warren 《人类行为》2014,27(3):243-261
Research examining the relationship between self-efficacy and performance has tended to find a positive effect at the between-person level and a weak negative or null effect at the within-person level. This pattern of results has led to a belief that the level of analysis is a key factor in determining the sign of the relationship. Using a between-person experimental design, the authors demonstrate a negative effect for self-efficacy on motivation and quality of performance at the between-person level. A positive effect for self-efficacy on the quantity of tasks engaged, apparently due to the reduction in motivation on each task, was also found. The discussion focused on the relevance of the findings in the debate between social cognitive and control theorists. 相似文献
733.
Olfactory working memory and pattern separation for odor information was assessed in male rats using a matching-to-sample for odors paradigm. The odor set consisted of a five aliphatic acids with unbranched carbon chains that varied from two- to six-carbons in length. Each trial consisted of a sample phase followed by a choice phase. During the sample phase, rats would receive one of five different odors. Fifteen seconds later during the choice phase one of the previous odors was presented simultaneously side by side with a different odor that was based on the number of aliphatic acids that varied in the carbon chains from two- to six-carbons in length and rats were allowed to choose between the two odors. The rule to be learned in order to receive a food reward was to always choose the odor that occurred during the study phase. Odor separations of 1, 2, 3 or 4 were selected for each choice phase and represented the carbon chain difference between the study phase odor and the test phase odor. Once an animal reached a criterion of 80–90% correct across all temporal separations based on 40 trials, rats received a control, dorsal hippocampal, or ventral hippocampal lesion and were retested on the task. On postoperative trials, only the ventral hippocampal lesion group was impaired relative to both control and dorsal hippocampal groups groups. There were no effects on odor pattern separation. All groups of rats could discriminate between the odors. The data suggest that the ventral hippocampus, but not dorsal hippocampus, supports working memory for odor information. 相似文献
734.
Heidi?A.?WaymentEmail author Bill?Wiist Bruce?M.?Sullivan Meghan?A.?Warren 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2011,12(4):575-589
We examined the relationship between meditation experience, psychological mindfulness, quiet ego characteristics, and self-reported
physical health in a diverse sample of adults with a range of Buddhist experience (N = 117) gathered from a web-based survey administered to Buddhist practitioners around the world between August 1, 2007 and
January 31, 2008. Practicing meditation on a regular basis and greater experience with Buddhism was related to higher psychological
mindfulness scores. Psychological mindfulness was correlated with a latent variable called “quiet ego characteristics” that
reflected measures based on Bauer and Wayment’s (Transcending self-interest: psychological explorations of the quiet ego.
American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 7–19, 2008) conceptual and multidimensional definition of a “quiet ego”: wisdom, altruism, sense of interdependence with all living
things, need for structure (reversed), anger/verbal aggression (reversed), and negative affectivity (reversed). In turn, quiet
ego characteristics were positively related to self-reported health. Our findings provide continuing support for the key role
psychological mindfulness may play in psychological and physical well-being. 相似文献
735.
When fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was initially described, diagnosis was based upon physical parameters including facial anomalies
and growth retardation, with evidence of developmental delay or mental deficiency. Forty years of research has shown that
FAS lies towards the extreme end of what are now termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The most profound effects
of prenatal alcohol exposure are on the developing brain and the cognitive and behavioral effects that ensue. Alcohol exposure
affects brain development via numerous pathways at all stages from neurogenesis to myelination. For example, the same processes
that give rise to the facial characteristics of FAS also cause abnormal brain development. Behaviors as diverse as executive
functioning to motor control are affected. This special issue of Neuropsychology Review addresses these changes in brain and behavior highlighting the relationship between the two. A diagnostic goal is to recognize
FAS as a disorder of brain rather than one of physical characteristics. 相似文献
736.
Warren NS 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):543-546
This introduction provides an overview of the professional issues and original research papers in this special issue. The
articles address workforce challenges and/or cross-cultural education and communication with culturally and religiously diverse
clients. Additional suggestions are made for moving the profession of genetic counseling toward diversity and cultural competence. 相似文献
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This study aimed at determining whether the size of reachable space is affected by the level of danger of some everyday manipulable objects. Two possibilities are examined: Dangerous objects affect the size of reachable space because of long-term semantic knowledge of their potential hurtful value or the on-line relation between objects’ dangerous attributes and the body. The experimental paradigm combined the danger value (dangerous/not dangerous) and the orientation of objects (e.g. pointing away from/towards the perceiver). Reachability judgments measured the size of peripersonal space, and perception of objects’ danger was estimated through questionnaires. Results revealed that, whatever the estimated level of objects’ danger, the extent of peripersonal space was reduced when the threatening part of dangerous objects was oriented towards participants, not when oriented away. This suggests that the characteristics of the here and now body-objects interaction are crucial in affecting the boundary of peripersonal space. 相似文献