艾思奇对马克思主义哲学中国化的突出贡献

论文力图对艾思奇来延安后为确立毛泽东思想的指导地位而作的贡献进行研究;并以此为前提,分别阐述他在哲学通俗化基础上实现哲学中国化和编写中国化马克思主义哲学教材的开创性贡献。笔者认为,重温这些贡献,对于当前进一步实现马克思主义中国化是有启迪意义的。     

意义治疗的团体辅导对于戒毒者复吸倾向的影响

摘 要: 考察意义治疗的团体辅导对于戒毒者复吸倾向的干预效果。选择生命意义感较低的被试18名进入实验组,并选择与其分数匹配的18名被试组成对照组。后测结果表明,与控制组相比,实验组被试的价值感、效能感、成就感和生命意义感均有显著提升,复吸倾向显著降低。结论: 意义治疗的团体辅导能够显著提高戒毒人员的创造性价值类生命意义源和生命意义感,显著降低其复吸倾向。提升创造价值与对苦难的理解是提高生命意义感的有效途径。     

应用认知理论来认识和解除大学生的情绪困扰

大学生是一个特殊的群体,一些大学生深受不良情绪的困扰而产生诸多心理问题。认知的冲突和失调是产生不良情绪的重要原因之一。认知理论在解除大学生情绪困扰的过程中有其独到的作用: (1)帮助大学生发现并改变不合理信念;(2)有助于大学生树立“换个思路”的生活法则;(3)帮助大学生学会合理运用情绪想象技术; (4)有助于大学生学会客观地评价自我。     

Crafting messages to promote water conservation: Using time‐framed messages to boost conservation actions in the United States and China

Grounded in construal‐level theory (CLT), this experiment examines how messages with different temporal frames (i.e., present‐ vs. future‐framed) influence individuals' perceptions of, and reactions to, water conservation. One hundred ninety‐three participants, 99 from China and 94 from the United States, participated in this study. Results indicated that a present‐framed message results in more positive attitudes toward water conservation than the future‐framed message. Participants who scored higher on individual future‐time orientation show stronger behavioral intention to conserve water than participants who scored lower. A significant interaction between temporal message framing and country emerged such that the future‐framed message resulted in greater behavioral intention for Chinese participants than their U.S. counterparts whereas the present‐framed message did not differentially influence Chinese and U.S. participants. Implications of findings for theory‐building and application are discussed.     

工作满意度、情感承诺和工作投入对工作技能评价结果的影响

通过对从事人力资源管理工作的公务员、软件工程师、网络编辑和报纸广告销售人员四个职业的272名任职者调查数据的层次回归分析,文章发现控制了职业和人口统计学变量的影响之后,工作满意度、情感承诺和工作投入三个工作态度变量对工作技能的重要性和水平评价有显著影响。进一步对比发现,工作满意度对于技能的重要性和水平评价的影响效应较大。该研究对多个职业的分析结果拓展了人们对工作分析结果影响因素的认识,并对未来工作分析研究和实践有重要的启示作用     

“圆满”隐喻与内心的缺失感

"法轮功""圆满"说为什么对练习者有那么大的诱惑力?在一般人看来纯粹是一派胡言的无稽之谈,竟然有那么多人相信并为此付出生命而在所不惜,这些人在练"法轮功"之前并不是傻瓜白痴,他们就是我们身边的正常的人啊。其实这其中有深刻的人性的渊源。     

The safety margin and perceived safety of pedestrians at unmarked roadway

Many pedestrians cross out of crosswalks (i.e., unmarked roadway) in developing countries, but researches about their safety are under reported. This study explored safety related factors and their casual relations at unmarked roadway. Videos of 254 pedestrians’ crossing process were analyzed objectively on safety and evaluated subjectively on perceived safety. The two safety indexes are consistent on important factors, with higher running frequency reduce safety while bigger group size increase safety. The two factors had contrary effect on pedestrian speed, which is positively related with safety. Higher looking frequency before crossing also enhance safety, partly by reducing running frequency and increasing going backwards with its planning nature. Longer waiting time before crossing can facilitate this planning behavior while at the same time leads to bigger group size. Buses are safer than cars, but they are not perceived as safer. In situations where only some vehicles yield, yielding ones bring danger due to sight blocking of unyielding ones in adjacent lanes. These findings can be applied to the design of intelligent transportation systems and the education of drivers and pedestrians to improve safety.     

儿童早期自尊的行为观察研究

以自尊情感模型为理论起点,采用行为事件取样法,对58名1.5-4岁婴幼儿的掌控感和归属感事件进行系统观察。结果表明：早期掌控感源于以动作为基础的掌控行为,包括掌控自我、掌控外物和掌控他人。而归属感一方面源于儿童以不同的行为方式寻求归属,即主动归属感;另一方面源于不同情境下成人的行为使儿童获得了归属,即被动归属感。掌控感和归属感事件均随年龄增长而逐渐减少,反映了个体自尊的早期形态。     

情绪影响认知加工策略内隐机制的实验研究

大量研究表明情绪可以影响加工策略：积极情绪与简单的启发式加工相联系,而消极情绪与系统的精细加工相联系。本研究运用信号检测论的方法,将被试的判定标准与加工能力分离开来,结果发现,虽然对两组被试（积极情绪组、消极情绪组）的回忆任务均提出相同的明确要求,但积极情绪组仍然运用了较为宽松的判定标准,反映了情绪对认知加工策略的无意识影响。另外,d＇值在两组间没有差异表明积极情绪组并不缺少加工能力。在此基础上,认为应该放弃从能力的角度看待情绪与加工方式之间的关系,注重研究情绪与具体加工特点之间的关系。     

Regional grey matter volume in the posterior cingulate cortex predicts positive risk-taking: A moderation model

Positive risk-taking is a crucial element of individual creativity and social development. However, little is known regarding the relation between individual neural differences and positive risk-taking. In addition, critical thinking (CT) and gender have been proven to be two important individual-specific factors associated with risk-taking behaviour, and different levels of CT and gender may have diverse effects on the relationship between brain structure and positive risk-taking. The present study examined the relationship between positive risk-taking and regional grey matter volume (rGMV) in 292 healthy participants. The results showed that positive risk-taking was significantly positively associated with the rGMV of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In addition, this study investigated individual differences in critical thinking and found that it moderated the relationship between rGMV and positive risk-taking. Individuals with lower CT had a stronger association between rGMV and positive risk-taking. Further analysis showed that for males, a greater rGMV was significantly linked to higher positive risk-taking tendency. These findings suggest that PCC evaluates risk and serves as a behavioural adaptation hub for positive risk-taking. This study thereby contributes to the literature on individual differences in brain structure and risk-taking by elucidating the moderating effects of CT and gender in healthy adults.