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191.
Xiuyan Guo Li Zheng Hongyi Wang Lei Zhu Jianqi Li Qianfeng Wang Zoltan Dienes Zhiliang Yang 《Brain and cognition》2013
Past researches showed that empathy for pain not only triggers a resonance mechanism between other and self, but also is modulated by contextual factors. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study demonstrated that short-term media violence exposure reduced both pain ratings and also the activation of anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex to other’s pain. Thus, violence exposure modulated empathic responses to other’s pain based on a physiological desensitization. 相似文献
192.
Jian-Ying Zhan Kim Cornish Jie Shao Chun-Hong Xie Yan-Xia Wang 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(1):82-95
Attention is a complex domain that has reawakened research interest in recent years. There are relatively few studies that have examined age-related changes across different attention subcomponents, such as selection, maintenance, and control, using large samples covering a wide age range. The present study assessed performance in 466 participants in order to identify the ages at which mature performance was reached across differing attention subcomponents. Furthermore, we investigated whether the nature of the attentional demands or task difficulty predicted the age at which stable levels of performance were reached. The results supported the former rather than the latter alternative. 相似文献
193.
The electrostatic potential and associated space charge across a 24°, [001] tilt boundary of SrTiO3 ceramic have been determined using electron holography. The results reveal a positive charged interface with a negative space charge on either side. The form of the double Schottky barrier and the local charge-density distribution at the interface are derived from the results. 相似文献
194.
Experimental results relating to the plateau behaviour in the cyclic stress-strain (CSS) curve of copper single crystals located on different sides of the stereographic triangle are summarized. Unlike the situation for single-sliporiented crystals, the crystallographic orientation has a strong effect on the plateau behaviour in the CSS curves of double- and multiple-slip-oriented crystals. The existence or non-existence of a plateau in the CSS curves, as well as the corresponding plateau stress amplitude, depend not only on the modes and intensities of dislocation interactions among slip systems operating in the crystals but also on the slip deformation characteristics associated with crystal orientations. The plateau region in CSS curve disappears only when multiple slip plays a determining role during cyclic deformation. 相似文献
195.
The microstructure and crystallization behaviour of melt-spun Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 amorphous alloy and nanophase composites have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning and isothermal calorimetry. The diffraction patterns from Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 amorphous alloys are diffuse, indicating a basically amorphous structure but contain two rings presumed to be associated with quenched-in nuclei. In the cases of Al88Ni9Ce2Fe1 nanophase composites, nanoscale precipitated particles are homogeneously dispersed in an amorphous matrix, and the crystallite diameter and volume fraction are sensitive to quenching conditions. During thermal crystallization, a two-step phase transformation occurs in the amorphous alloy and nanocomposites, which is characterized by a diffusion-controlled precipitation of nanoscale Al particles and the growth of a Al3(Ni, Fe) nanophase prior to a Al11Ce3 nanophase. This study gives insight into structure-control for obtaining nanophases dispersed in an amorphous matrix by rapid quenching. 相似文献
196.
197.
Annie Lang Byungho Park Ashley N. Sanders-Jackson Brian D. Wilson Zheng Wang 《Media Psychology》2013,16(3):317-338
This paper examines whether emotional message content alters the effects of structural complexity and information density on available resources, measured by secondary task reaction times (STRTs), and message encoding, measured by audio recognition. In addition, hypotheses relating motivational activation and resource availability based on the motivational activation concepts of positivity offset (greater appetitive activation in a neutral environment) and negativity bias (faster aversive activation) influence are tested. Results replicate previous research supporting the contention that STRTs measure available resources. In addition, they show that the basic pattern of STRTs and recognition as a function of allocated and required resources is relatively consistent regardless of emotional content of the message. Emotion appears to function as a constant, increasing both resource allocation and resources required. Finally, these data provide some initial support for predicted relationships between motivational activation and resource allocation based on the constructs of positivity offset and negativity bias. 相似文献
198.
Zhonghua Wang 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(3):343-358
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationships between neuroticism, social support, and depression in two groups of adolescents: earthquake group and examination group. Adolescents facing earthquake stress (earthquake group, N=219) completed measures of neuroticism, perceived social support, coping strategies, and self-rating depression. Similarly, adolescents facing examination stress (examination group, N=241) completed the same measures. Results indicated that the earthquake group reported more use of secondary control engagement coping, whereas the examination group reported more use of primary control engagement coping. In addition, neuroticism was more strongly associated with coping in earthquake group and coping strategies explained significantly larger part of the relationship between neuroticism and depression. In contrary, perceived social support was more strongly associated with coping in examination group, and coping strategies explained significantly larger part of the relationship between perceived social support and depression. 相似文献
199.
Susan A. Yoon Karen Elinich Joyce Wang Christopher Steinmeier Jacqueline G. Van Schooneveld 《Visitor Studies》2013,16(2):157-170
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of using digital augmentation to enhance an exhibit device to influence conceptual understanding about a science topic in a science museum setting. In particular, the study considered how students in Grades 6–8 engaged with the device that was available in both augmented and nonaugmented (control) conditions. Results show increased cognitive (critical thinking) skills when the digital augmentation was present that we hypothesize led to increased conceptual gains. We illustrate how this research contributes to three important areas of need identified in informal science literature: the need for evidence of conceptual and cognitive gains; the need for understanding how digital platforms improve the learning experience; and the need to demonstrate how designed interactive devices may impact higher order skills such as critical thinking and theorizing. 相似文献
200.
Yanbo Wang Hongbiao Wang Ji Wang Jing Wu Xiaohong Liu 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(1):3-12
This study examined prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic growth in 180 accidentally injured patients of mainland China in their convalescence stage, investigating its relationships with demographic and accidental injury variables, personality, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and coping styles. Our results showed that posttraumatic growth (PTG) presented mostly in the domain of Relating to Others and indicated that PTG was significantly related to marital status, educational level, personality, coping styles, and PTSD symptoms. Avoidance of PTSD symptoms, Openness to experience, and positive coping were significant predictors of PTG. The findings emphasize that when promoting PTG of accidentally injured patients, healthcare providers should facilitate patients utilizing personal resources, understand PTG coexists with PTSD symptoms, and adjust interventions based on the coping styles the patients have adopted. 相似文献