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131.
以两类具有不同负性情绪强度值的高频汉语双字词为材料,采用项目法定向遗忘范式,探究负性情绪词语在外显和内隐记忆测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应。结果显示,(1)在外显记忆测验中,强、弱负性词均出现了显著的定向遗忘并且弱负性词的定向遗忘效应大于强负性词;(2)在内隐记忆测验中,只有弱负性词出现了显著的定向遗忘,而强负性词则无。可见,内隐记忆测验中的定向遗忘效应对负性信息比外显记忆测验更加敏感。 相似文献
132.
Xianqi Wang E. Scott Huebner Lili Tian 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(4):969-990
Although several studies have addressed the relations between perceived parental warmth and social behaviours, few have distinguished their between- and within-person effects or explored their within-person mediating mechanisms. This study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth (i.e. maternal warmth and paternal warmth), children's self-esteem and children's positive/negative social behaviours (i.e. prosocial behaviour and delinquent behaviour) along with the mediating role of self-esteem after disentangling between- and within-person effects. A total of 4315 Chinese elementary children (44.9% girls; Mage = 9.93 years, SD = 0.73) completed relevant measures on four occasions employing 6-month intervals. Results of random-intercept cross-lagged panel models showed that (a) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour and self-esteem; (b) perceived paternal warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour; (c) self-esteem reciprocally predicted prosocial and delinquent behaviour; (d) perceived maternal warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour through self-esteem; (e) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour through self-esteem; and (f) perceived maternal and paternal warmth differed in their relations with prosocial and delinquent behaviours through self-esteem. These findings illuminated the complicated longitudinal within-person interactions among perceived parental warmth, self-esteem, and social behaviours, the specific mediating mechanism of self-esteem, and the differing results associated with perceived maternal and paternal warmth, all of which yield significant implications for assessments and early interventions aimed to promote positive social behaviour. 相似文献
133.
儒家大同思想在中国二千年的政治文化中影响深远。毛泽东深受中国传统文化影响。其中儒家大同思想的影响尤其巨大。这种影响渗透在其政治思维中,成为他日后设计中国社会模式的重要文化基因。毛泽东设计的具有儒家大同思想和空想社会主义色彩的社会模式,在中国的实践中由于严重脱离实际和生产力发展水平,耗费了大量的社会资本,使中国的现代化进程遭遇重大挫折。 相似文献
134.
5·12汶川地震后灾区教师主观幸福感的变化趋势及中介效应分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
·12汶川地震发生两个月后,对508名灾区的幼儿园、中小学教师进行测量,结合他们对地震前状况的回忆,考察其地震后主观幸福感的变化情况及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)与回忆得到的地震前感受相比,地震后灾区教师体验到主观幸福感水平显著降低。(2)极重灾区教师体验到的主观幸福感降低程度大于重灾区和轻灾区教师。(3)教师遭受的客观损失严重程度能显著预测其体验到的主观幸福感降低;而创伤后身心症状在其中起完全中介的作用,即创伤事件引发教师创伤后身心症状,而这些症状日趋严重,使其体验到的消极情感增加、主观幸福感降低。 相似文献
135.
道德悖论研究的价值与意义 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以悖论的认知范式,伦理学界考辨既有道德规范的合理性,审思道德实践领域的认知困境,试图给出消解道德悖论的一般路径.道德悼论研究至少具有三重价值和意义:可以推动道德理论实现质变性创新;增添人们的道德智慧、化解道德实践悖境;转换道德认知方式、提升人们的道德悖论思维水平. 相似文献
136.
Behavioural flexibility allows animals to adjust their behaviours according to changing environmental demands. Such flexibility is frequently assessed by the discrimination–reversal learning task. We examined grey squirrels’ behavioural flexibility, using a simultaneous colour discrimination–reversal learning task on a touch screen. Squirrels were trained to select their non-preferred colour in the discrimination phase, and their preferred colour was rewarded in a subsequent reversal phase. We used error rates to divide learning in each phase into three stages (perseveration, chance level and ‘learned’) and examined response inhibition and head-switching during each stage. We found consistent behavioural patterns were associated with each learning stage: in the perseveration stage, at the beginning of each training phase, squirrels showed comparable response latencies to correct and incorrect stimuli, along with a low level of head-switching. They quickly overcame perseveration, typically in one to three training blocks. In the chance-level stage, response latencies to both stimuli were low, but during initial discrimination squirrels showed more head-switches than in the previous stage. This suggests that squirrels were learning the current reward contingency by responding rapidly to a stimulus, but with increased attention to both stimuli. In the learned stage, response latencies to the correct stimulus and the number of head-switches were at their highest, whereas incorrect response latencies were at their lowest, and differed significantly from correct response latencies. These results suggest increased response inhibition and attention allowed the squirrels to minimise errors. They also suggest that errors in the ‘learned’ stage were related to impulsive emission of the pre-potent or previously learned responses. 相似文献
137.
以横断研究方法探讨一生发展中搜索速度对短时记忆容量的影响。以记忆广度任务和斯腾伯格任务分别测量6~70岁被试短时记忆容量与记忆搜索速度。结果发现:记忆广度在16岁达到最高峰,以后开始下降;一生的不同阶段,斯腾伯格任务中成功搜索的加工过程基本一致,但搜索速度一直在发展;搜索速度可能是贯穿短时记忆发展一生的影响因素。 相似文献
138.
为了检验工作记忆广度有限性的3种假说,即资源限制假说、记忆消退假说和转换机制假说,实验要求被试首先完成一项转换效率任务,然后完成工作记忆广度任务。结果发现,加工负荷对工作记忆广度具有重要影响,保持时间不影响工作记忆广度,转换效率与工作记忆广度也没有显著相关。实验结果支持工作记忆广度受认知资源限制的观点 相似文献
139.
140.
我国学界对发展伦理学的研究,其问题域集中在学科属性、研究对象、基本问题、哲学基础、伦理原则和价值理念等问题上.发展伦理学在我国的实践探索经历了从传统经济发展观、可持续发展观到科学发展现.发展伦理学在我国的未来旨趣表现在:首先在理论研究上,发展伦理学要强化范式意识,规范学术研究范式;其次,以马克思主义哲学为指导构建中国的发展伦理学体系;最后,在发展实践上要提升人类的类意识,以科学发展观为指导,强化、细化发展伦理的指标体系,把发展伦理规范落到实处. 相似文献