Close‐knit ties through thick and thin: Sharing social exclusion and acceptance enhances social bond

Three experiments investigated whether and why sharing experiences of social exclusion or social acceptance with others strengthens social bonds. Participants experienced either social exclusion or social acceptance alongside another co‐participant who either also experienced the same outcome, or experienced a different outcome, as them. Multilevel modeling results showed that participant dyads who shared the experience of social exclusion or social acceptance felt closer to each other than those who experienced different outcomes, and that perceived similarity mediated the effect of shared experiences on social bonds. Interestingly, participants felt closer to one another after having shared social acceptance, more so than when they have shared social exclusion. Implications of the present findings are interpreted in light of theories of social exclusion, shared experiences, and social bonding.     

Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective

Existing knowledge on remote working can be questioned in an extraordinary pandemic context. We conducted a mixed-methods investigation to explore the challenges experienced by remote workers at this time, as well as what virtual work characteristics and individual differences affect these challenges. In Study 1, from semi-structured interviews with Chinese employees working from home in the early days of the pandemic, we identified four key remote work challenges (work-home interference, ineffective communication, procrastination, and loneliness), as well as four virtual work characteristics that affected the experience of these challenges (social support, job autonomy, monitoring, and workload) and one key individual difference factor (workers’ self-discipline). In Study 2, using survey data from 522 employees working at home during the pandemic, we found that virtual work characteristics linked to worker's performance and well-being via the experienced challenges. Specifically, social support was positively correlated with lower levels of all remote working challenges; job autonomy negatively related to loneliness; workload and monitoring both linked to higher work-home interference; and workload additionally linked to lower procrastination. Self-discipline was a significant moderator of several of these relationships. We discuss the implications of our research for the pandemic and beyond.     

SC-IAT范式下中学生良心的内隐性

目的:研究探讨了单类内隐联想测验(Single Category Implicit Association Test,SC-IAT)测量中学生良心的可行性,并分析内隐良心和外显良心的关系。方法:采用E-prime3.0软件编制SC-IAT良心测量程序,测量了中学生内隐良心; 采用青少年良心问卷测量了中学生的外显良心,并运用相关技术分析两者之间的关系。结果:SC-IAT实验中,中学生良心的内隐效应显著,且不存在性别、独生与否、学段、家庭结构、家庭所在地等人口统计学指标上的显著差异; 内隐良心与外显良心之间的相关不显著。结论:(1)中学生良心存在积极内隐效应;(2)外显良心和内隐良心相互分离,是两个不同的建构。     

自然数码奇象记忆法记忆复杂数字的神经机制

本研究采用学习-再认范式和复杂数字记忆材料,考察自然数码奇象记忆法相对于机械记忆法在记忆提取上的优势及神经机制。行为结果表明,自然数码奇象记忆法比机械记忆法的再认准确率更高。事件相关电位分析结果显示,再认提取阶段奇象记忆条件下诱发的N400和N700波幅显著更低,这说明奇象记忆提取更容易。在自然数码奇象记忆条件下,正确再认旧数字诱发的前额区、左顶枕叶区及中顶枕叶区N700成分与使用自然数码奇象记忆有关。本研究表明,采用自然数码奇象记忆可以减少或跨越语义加工,从而提高个体对材料的记忆效率。     

湖州铁佛寺与观音中国化

在浙江省湖州市繁华的主城区,有一座建于南朝梁天监年间的寺院,那里供奉着一尊北宋乾兴初铸造的铁观音菩萨立像。据说,她是我国现存最早的观音变女相菩萨像,其容貌具有唐宋时期太湖流域女性的特征,故被我国学者誉为"东方维纳斯"。因此,这座千年古刹,也被视为观音中国化的典范。它,就是湖州铁佛寺。     

The Association between Home Environment and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Hangzhou City,China

To investigate the influence of the home environment, defined as family socioeconomic status (SES) (parent education level, household income), student resource-mediated SES (access to nutritional resources and cognitively stimulating experiences), reading ability, and difficulty with homework on quality of life in children and adolescents residing in urban and suburban areas in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. This study included 3200 Grade 3–6 students from 8 elementary schools in Hangzhou City. Assessments included questionnaires that evaluated student quality of life, family SES, resource-mediated SES (dietary behavior and the home literacy environment), reading ability, and difficulty with homework. The effects of the home environment on student quality of life were analyzed by univariate analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Overall, 80.6% of students had a medium or better quality of life. Young age (Grade 3 or 4), female sex, household income of 10000–15000 RMB, high breakfast consumption, daily intake of fruit, a balanced diet, and good reading habits were positively correlated with student quality of life (P?<?0.05), while overuse of electronic devices was negatively correlated with quality of life (P?<?0.05). Dietary behaviors, home literacy environment, and student reading ability and difficulty with homework directly affected quality of life. Family SES indirectly affected student quality of life. Children and adolescents in China should have access to good nutrition and cognitively stimulating experiences to enhance their well-being and provide them with social and academic advantages.

     

Family Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function in Urban Chinese Children: The Effects of Cortisol Reactivity

Journal of Child and Family Studies - We examined hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress reactivity as an indicator of differential susceptibility in moderating the links between family...     

输入方式对学语前聋生语篇理解的影响：文本和测题类型的调节效应

为了考察信息输入方式、文本类型和测题类型对聋生语篇理解的影响,研究通过录像呈现,以口语、手语、书面语三种输入方式向学语前极重度七、八、九年级聋生呈现叙述性和描述性两种文本类型的语篇信息,并要求其完成理解测试。结果显示：输入方式对聋生语篇理解的效率存在影响,书面语成绩最高且速度最快,依次为手语、口语,文本类型和测题类型对该影响有调节作用。结果表明输入方式是聋生语篇理解的主要影响因素,文本和测题类型是调节因素。     

儿童期虐待与青少年网络欺负行为的关系：自尊的中介作用和友谊质量的调节作用

本研究采用问卷法对2407名青少年进行调查,探究儿童期虐待对青少年网络欺负行为的影响,以及自尊的中介作用和友谊质量的调节作用。结果表明：（1）儿童期虐待显著正向预测青少年网络欺负行为。（2）自尊在儿童期虐待与青少年网络欺负行为之间起部分中介作用。（3）儿童期虐待对青少年网络欺负行为的间接效应的前半段路径受到友谊质量的调节。友谊质量高、低水平下儿童期虐待对自尊的预测作用均显著,但友谊质量较高的青少年群体中儿童期虐待对自尊的预测作用更强。     

北朝临淄崔氏家族史新证

本文比照文献资料,对北朝临淄崔氏家族墓志所载崔鸿八世祖崔岳仕宦情况进行了考证,指出墓志所载崔岳“晋司徒”属于伪托。实际情况是:西晋时崔岳为朝鲜令,庇护匈奴刘曜而被追赠为前赵“大司徒”,由于十六国北朝时期匈奴与汉民族矛盾尖锐,在当时正统观念支配下,崔氏墓志及《十六国春秋》无不避讳此事。