大脑半球损害病人的汉字抄写研究

对３７例左、右半球病变者进行汉字抄写等测查。结果发现：１．大脑半球病变影响汉字抄写,但左和右半球病变者、皮层和皮层下病变者、失语和非失语病人的汉字抄写成绩无明显差异;２．无论有无失语,抄写与听写都无相关;与画图的关系取决于文化背景,即文化水平低者（无读写能力）汉字抄写与临摹画图高度相关,并受半测空间疏忽影响,而有读写能力者汉字抄写不受以上因素影响。由此推测：不同的汉字书写方式有着不同的神经机制;无汉字读写能力者抄写过程主要与右脑有关,而有读写能力者汉字抄写时双脑并用。     

The Moderating Effect of Core Self‐Evaluations on the Relationships between Job Attitudes and Organisational Citizenship Behavior

Several studies in the organisational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature have focused on the main effects of employee dispositions and job attitudes. The current study builds upon previous findings by examining whether core self‐evaluations (CSE) moderate the relationship between job attitudes and OCBs. Consistent with our hypotheses and with the notion that CSE contributes to one's general level of initiative and self‐confidence, data collected from 200 New Zealand workers found that the job attitude–OCB relationship was stronger for workers who were high in CSE than for workers who were low in CSE.     

“万能论证”不万能

<正>2009年,一份来自著名哲学网站哲文集锦(Philpapers)的调查显示,在英美哲学界,支持物理主义的学者占据了半壁江山。①尽管如此,物理主义者从未获得一般性的证实,相反,他们需要针对二元论的观点和理由,在具体的问题上实施具体的辩护。而主观性(现象意识)、意向性和规范性问题是他们必须面对的三大难题。这三者中,物理主义者对意向性的自然化最为自信,对解决知     

水神萧公信仰的形成与地域扩展

萧公信仰肇迹于江西新淦大洋洲,明清时期盛极一时。历史上萧公信仰的形成与新淦的自然环境、萧氏宗族密切相关。明代萧公神在与国家、地方社会之间的互动中获得两次国家加封赐号,使自身演变为国家正统神灵。伴随着萧公神地位的不断提高,其影响力与日俱增,萧公信仰开始对外传播,地域扩展的范围越来越广,最终萧公神成为民众广泛奉祀于江河湖泊的一位水神。     

负相容效应理论与研究

负相容效应指在掩蔽的箭头启动项后呈现箭头目标项时,对与启动项方向不一致的目标项反应更快。综述了负相容效应的主要理论及研究,包括自我抑制理论和知觉交互作用理论等。讨论了目前负相容效应研究面临的困难与挑战,包括实验控制条件的限制、掩蔽项与启动项特征的相似性以及应用认知神经研究方法进行研究的困难,并从理论更新与整合、神经基础、生态学意义视角等几方面对未来的研究做出展望。     

工作记忆训练及对数学能力的迁移作用

工作记忆缺陷会影响个体数学能力发展。通过记忆策略、广度、刷新、转换等功能的工作记忆训练,可以改善个体认知功能。然而,工作记忆训练对个体的阅读、数学、流体智力等方面的远迁移效果并不一致。研究表明,工作记忆训练可以改善数感、视觉空间能力、推理能力等数学一般技能;也会通过改善语音工作记忆以及空间能力促进数学计算能力,或者通过改善中央执行系统,提升数学问题表征、模式识别、解题迁移、策略选择等复杂的过程,从而促进数学问题解决能力。因此,区分不同数学任务的认知过程,可以获得工作记忆训练对数学能力迁移效果的进一步证据。今后,神经影像学的证据或许也是未来工作记忆训练对数学能力提高的又一佐证。     

第20届世界哲学大会在美国举办

１９９８年８月１０日－１６日在美国波士顿召开了第２０届世界哲学大会。这一届大会的主题是：“哲学、教育、人性”。出席这次大会的学者３０００多人，其中主要是美国学者。大会印发的论文摘要（不全）有１７００多篇。大会设会场５０多个，会议期间，共召开各种学术讨...     

"文化帝国主义"命题源流考

"文化帝国主义"是一个非常流行但争议很大的术语,用来说明欧美发达国家对发展中国家的"文化渗透"的活动,更具体地说主要是针对西方世界的"领头羊"美国,与美国大众文化在发展中国家传播引起"美国化"这一现象密切联系在一起,尤其是美国媒介对世界各地大众生活的影响甚至控制."文化帝国主义"话语在学术界有着很大的影响,但在解释全球"美国化"上也具有局限性.     

大陆农村基督教面临的困境以及列文森的洞见--读《儒教中国及其现代命运》之《儒教、基督教与中国的选择》有感

本文结合列文森在《儒教中国及其现代中国命运》对中国基督教尴尬处境的洞见，以对河南省南阳市一村庄基督教的调查为例，指出当前大陆农村基督教之所以面临一直进入不了社会主流的困境，并不是其与中国传统相违背，而是因为基督教不是科学而被其他村民蔑视和不理。     

Language Delay and Externalizing Problems in Preschool Age: A Prospective Cohort Study

This study sought to examine the direction of causation between language delay and two externalizing problems; inattention and aggression. Autoregressive fixed effects models were fitted to data from 25,474 children (age 1.5 to 5 years; 50.8% boys) in the population-based longitudinal Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), to model the direction of causality for language delay and inattention and aggression, respectively. The most parsimonious model for the relationship between language delay and inattention was one where both common factors and reciprocal causation were estimated. Adjusted for common factors, language delay was estimated to have a non-significant effect on inattention by b?=?0.12 (p?=?0.06), and inattention to have a significant effect on language delay by b?=?0.19 (p?=?0.03). The most parsimonious model for the direction of causality for language delay and aggression was one where the entire association could be explained by language delay having effect on aggression b?=?0.12 (p?<?0.02). It appears that while language delay can best be conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of inattention partly related to both common factors and causal processes, aggression can best be conceptualized as caused by language delay. This illumination of the hypothetical causal links between two common problem domains in preschool-aged children has clear implications on where to implement interventions to prevent co-occurrence of language delay and externalizing problems.