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171.
几种色光呈现条件下人眼红、绿光感受性的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用阈值法探讨了人眼在红、橙、绿、蓝4种色光适应条件下红、绿光感受性的变化及机制。结果表明:当背景及目标均为稳光时,在不同的背景光条件下,人眼554nm(绿)及656nm(红)光感受性的变化显示了明显的感觉颉抗性效应,且不受色觉适应的影响;如果所呈现的背景光是稳态光,目标先是闪烁光,除辨别是现在554nm背景光上的656nm(红)目标,在其余条件下,均未发现颜色感觉颉抗效应;如果背景光是闪烁光,目标光为稳态光时,在不同的背景光条件下,人眼对554nm(绿)及656nm(红)波长的辨别结果有感觉颉抗效应存在,并且辨别感受性也明显提高。 相似文献
172.
Edward J. Imwinkelried 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1991,9(3):305-322
In several respects, American evidence law has an anti-scientific bias. A number of the admissibility and legal sufficiency rules in American evidence law reflect this bias. The assumption underlying the bias is that the typical citizen–-the potential juror–-is incapable of critically evaluating technical evidence. The results of national educational tests demonstrate that scientific illiteracy is widespread in the United States. However, the current controversy over drug testing presents forensic scientists with a unique opportunity to educate the average citizen about some of the rudiments of scientific proof. In the course of the debate, the scientific community can help familiarize the American public with such concepts as the limited nature of scientific findings, experimentation as the means of scientific validation, and the importance of proper test protocol. Perhaps more than any other scientific controversy, the debate over drug testing is of intense personal interest to the average citizen. This article pleads with the participants in the drug testing debate to capitalize on that interest and conduct their debate at a high level to aid the citizenry to develop a broader understanding of scientific evidence. 相似文献
173.
Edward M. Hundert 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1991,12(1):7-23
Epistemology — the study of knowledge — is a philosophical discipline with close ties to psychiatry. When epistemologists address specific questions about how knowledge is actually realized by human beings, their philosophy must be informed by empirical studies of the sort psychiatrists now take up in a variety of forms. As this paper describes, psychiatrists can likewise improve their understanding of human psychology through a deeper appreciation of philosophical analysis in epistemology.The aim of this article is to introduce a unifying framework within which the experience from different approaches to psychiatry — (1) the conceptual schemas of cognitive psychiatry, (2) the mental structures of psychoanalytic psychiatry, (3) the categorical forms of existential psychiatry, and (4) the neural pathways of biological psychiatry — can all be applied productively to the central question of epistemology. By establishing a broad understanding of the problem of knowledge, this new view of epistemology is developed within the idiom of each psychiatric approach. In addressing themselves to a unitary problem, these diverse psychiatric approaches are themselves revealed, not as competing points of view, but as complementary views of a single subject. The result is a new epistemology that can not only bring the insights of psychiatry to philosophy, but can also contribute to the care of patients when psychiatrists bring this broader view to their clinical work. 相似文献
174.
Ashcraft (1978b) found that people tend to know more properties of instances they rate as typical of a category than of instances they rate as atypical. This suggests that variations in typicality result from variations in familiarity. Three experiments are presented that challenge or qualify this suggestion. Experiment 1 showed that subjects sometimes produce more properties for items they rate as low in typicality. Experiment 2 showed that in a large, random sample of items, there was a tendency to produce fewer properties for atypical items, but Experiment 3 indicated that part of the reason for this result was a response bias to assign low typicality ratings to unfamiliar words, rather than a reflection of low perceived typicality of the referents themselves. These results suggest that variations in typicality can exist independent of variations in familiarity, although familiarity may also play a role. 相似文献
175.
176.
This paper points out examples of patients in a psychotherapy group who meet DSM-III criteria for the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and who are treated by cotherapists utilizing object relations theory. Interpretations of phenomena shown by borderline patients—splitting, projective identification and denial—are illustrated. How cotherapy lends itself to the recognition and management of the problems these patients bring to group psychotherapy is illustrated.Hope Aspell assisted in the editing of this paper. 相似文献
177.
John G. Arena Edward B. Blanchard Frank Andrasik Bruce C. Dudek 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1982,4(1):55-69
A brief Headache Symptom Questionnaire was administered to 129 chronic headache Sufferers. The questionnaire accurately classified 68.42% of headache subjects in their proper diagnostic category, comparable to, but statistically less accurate than, the 86.4% agreement between expert headache diagnosticians using clinical interviews. Results of a factor analysis of the Headache Symptom Questionnaire lend support for their being two commonly accepted global headache categories—vascular/migraine and muscle contraction—and one headache dimension concerned with duration of headache pain. Combined migraine-muscle contraction headache was found to be related more to migraine than to muscle contraction headache, and cluster headaches emerged as a separate clinical entity, not loading positively on any factor and loading negatively on all three.This research was supported in part by Grant NS-15235 from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. 相似文献
178.
179.
A sweeping anticrime package was implemented in Jamaica in 1974. This program included severe penalties for possession of illegal guns, censorhsip of gun scenes from television and the movies, and greatly broadened police powers. The impact of this anticrime package on crime was assessed using quasiexperimental time-series designs with both months and years as the units of analysis. In a one year period there was a 14% reduction in homicides ( p <.05), a 32% reduction in rapes ( p <.01), a 25% reduction in robberies ( p <.05), and a 37% reduction in nonfatal shootings ( p <.01). Data from the second year following the implementation of the anticrime package were not available. The data from the fist year suggest that strict anticrime measures can reduce crime. 相似文献
180.
Edward B. Blanchard Stephen T. Miller Gene G. Abel Mary R. Haynes Rebecca Wicker 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1979,12(1):99-109
Direct biofeedback of blood pressure was compared with frontal EMG biofeedback and with self-instructed relaxation for the treatment of essential hypertension in a controlled group outcome study. Patients were followed up for four months after the end of treatment. Generalization of treatment effects was assessed through pre- and posttreatment measurements of blood pressure under clinical conditions in a physician's office. There were no significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the patients receiving blood pressure biofeedback decreased 8.1 mm mercury (p = 0.07) and the SBP of the patients in the relaxation condition decreased 9.5 mm mercury (p = 0.05). In the generalization measures, there were significant reductions in SBP for the relaxation group. The results are discussed in terms of the general lack of replicability within the area of biofeedback treatment of hypertension. 相似文献