王母道派试探

战国时期,方仙道和黄老道在燕齐地区流行;而在西北地区,有王母道流行。西王母信仰早在殷周时期便存在,逐渐成熟。以西王母信仰为核心的王母道在战国时期产生,盛行于两汉之际,并在官方和民间流传甚广,对后世的影响深远。     

Factors affecting the success of Hmong college students in America

This study explores barriers and success factors of Hmong students in American colleges by interviewing five Hmong graduate students from refugee families in the US. Emerging themes revolve around academic, cultural and financial barriers. Professors, advisors, classmates, academic support programmes, family, financial aid and their own psychological resources were identified as supportive factors in addressing their academic, cultural and financial needs. Implications and recommendations are drawn on how college counsellors and other professionals may best assist Hmong college students.     

转型经济国家社会保护机制的建构:中国与波兰的比较研究

本文以中国和波兰为例,试图分析并阐释在社会变迁背景下转型经济国家社会保护机制建立和发展的制度逻辑.虽然中国与波兰两国的经济改革都导致了明显的社会分化,但是由于政治制度和经济发展外部约束条件的差异,在中国和波兰,政府针对社会中不同群体的利益诉求和市民社会的政治压力采取了不同的应对策略,这些策略明显影响了两国的社会政策模式.为减轻社会分化和不平等带来的冲击,中国在转型过程中社会保护机制形成是通过建立强调社会秩序稳定、"去政治化"(De-politicizing)的反应型社会政策与促进经济增长的发展型社会政策的双重方式来实现的,同时突出机制建立的自上而下的行政特征.而在波兰,由于受到了不同社会精英对社会问题的认知和市民社会的政治压力左右,以及国际外部环境与国际组织的影响,该国社会保护机制的形成则更多是通过政治协商与谈判的渠道来完成,其机制建立突出了民主参与和协商的因素.值得进一步指出的是,同中国长期推行经济发展优先的格局不同,波兰的政治制度的变化、"回归欧洲"的普遍社会预期和欧盟的外部制度约束,加快了其社会保护机制建立的制度化基础.     

Procedural fairness predicts cooperative behaviour for high-self-esteem individuals but not for low-self-esteem individuals

Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour.