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191.
The negative impact of the Internet on adolescents has received much attention. How to reduce their pathological use of online gaming is also a critical issue. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, two experiments were conducted to examine whether personal responsibility and justification of cost may play crucial factors in impacting adolescent players' attitude change and their willingness to engage in attitude-discrepant behavior. The results of Experiment 1 revealed that adolescent players who felt a strong sense of responsibility appeared to exhibit greater attitude change. In Experiment 2, the findings indicated that players tended to employ justification of cost in order to reduce or eliminate the dissonance between their attitude toward online gaming and invested cost. Adolescent players who perceived a higher cost in online gaming were less willing to engage in attitude-discrepant behavior. Reducing adolescents ' overuse of online gaming can be appreciated through the perspective of cognitive dissonance. 相似文献
192.
人为什么要有道德?(上) 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
本文从道德哲学的角度提出“人为什么要有道德?”的问题,并尝试给出某种解答。通过“善(好)生活”、“利益(关系)”和“人性(潜能)”三个核心概念,作者力图阐明道德之于人类生活的内在性,并从人类的生活目的、行为方式和人性潜能三个基本方面,揭示人类道德生活所内含的美德一目的论与规范一道义论之双重维度。 相似文献
193.
The GHQ-12 is a widely used instrument designed to screen for psychological disturbance (defined as the inability to carry out normal psychological functions and/or the emergence of new distressing phenomena), in a wide variety of clinical groups. The Chinese version of the GHQ-12 is widely used in Hong Kong to screen women during pregnancy and in the postnatal period. The underlying factor structure of the GHQ-12 has been extensively investigated and there is strong evidence to suggest that the instrument is multi-dimensional. The current investigation explored the psychometric properties of this instrument using confirmatory factor analysis, logistic regression and reliability analysis in Chinese women during the third trimester of pregnancy and in the postnatal period. Two- and three-factor models offered superior fit to the data compared to the presumed uni-dimensional structure. However, a four-item sub-scale from an eight-item two-factor model was found to be a significant antenatal predictor of postnatal GHQ-12 assessed caseness. Further evaluation of the clinical utility of this specific two-factor model is recommended. 相似文献
194.
Ying YW Lee PA Tsai JL Hung Y Lin M Wan CT 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2001,7(1):59-74
Educational success among Asian Americans has led to their being labeled the "model minority." At the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), Asian American students have higher grade point averages (GPAs) than Hispanic and African American but not White students, supporting the notion that Asian Americans are more successful compared with other racial minorities. However, success in the classroom does not implicate effective functioning in life, and nonacademic criteria ought to be considered in assessing the validity of the model minority image. Given the increasing diversification of the United States, cross-racial engagement may be an additional contributor to overall competence. This was empirically tested in a group of 642 undergraduates at UCB, including 291 Asian, 197 White, 20 African American, 67 Hispanic, and 56 multiracial students. Overall competence was operationalized by sense of coherence, that is, the extent to which the world is experienced as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful (A. Antonovsky, 1979, 1987). As predicted, Asian Americans had significantly fewer numbers of cross-racial groups represented in their friendship network than did students of all other races. Lower cross-racial engagement and being Asian (as compared with White) were related to a lower sense of coherence, whereas lower GPA was not. Within the Asian American subsample, cross-racial engagement was again significantly associated with greater coherence, whereas GPA again was not. Thus, extending the definition of success to overall competence, these findings raise questions about the applicability of the model minority label to Asian Americans, despite their academic achievement. Future studies need to assess the reasons for their limited cross-racial engagement and lower sense of coherence and to examine means to assist the development of these strengths. 相似文献
195.
This study examined relations among self-supporting personality, stress, social support, and psychological symptoms in a sample of 782 Chinese undergraduate students using the Self-Supporting Personality Scale for Adolescent Students (SSPS-AS), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MPSSS), and Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90). As predicted, results from cross-sectional structural equation analyses suggested that stress and social support mediate the relationship between four self-supporting personality traits and psychological symptoms; an alternative stress-moderation model was not supported. 相似文献
196.
Fang Wan Tamara L. Ansons Amitava Chattopadhyay Jason P. Leboe 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2013,120(1):37-46
Across three studies, we examined the impact of exposure to idealized female images, blatantly vs. subtly, on females’ self-evaluations, as well as attitude towards brands endorsed by the models with these idealized body images, in marketing communications. We theorized and showed that blatant exposure can elicit defensive coping, leading to a more positive self-evaluation and a lower brand attitude toward a brand endorsed by a model with an idealized body image. When exposure is subtle, however, idealized body images lead to lowered self-evaluations and increased evaluations of endorsed brands. 相似文献
197.
Chuanwen Wan Cunren Fan Guobin Lin Qicheng Jing 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):377-379
The number of only children in China has increased rapidly since the late 1970s, when the Chinese government advocated the “one-child-per-family” policy. This increase has caused much public concern about the healthy growth of the young generation. In this study the behavioral traits of Chinese, urban, only children were investigated. The participants were 444 children with siblings and 473 only children from Grades 1, 3, and 5 in Beijing primary schools. An inventory consisting of 27 items covering three behavioral traits was developed. The children were rated on the inventory by the principal teacher of the class. Factor analysis revealed three main factors: achievement motivation, interpersonal skills, and attitude toward manual labor. The only children exceeded the sibling children on achievement motivation. No differences were found between only children and sibling children on interpersonal skills and attitude toward manual labor. Gender differences were evident; girls consistently received higher ratings on achievement motivation and interpersonal skills. The possible underlying reasons for these differences are discussed. 相似文献
198.
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200.
The Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques to Facilitate Recovery from Post-stroke Aphasia
Aphasia is a common symptom after left hemispheric stroke. Neuroimaging techniques over the last 10–15 years have described
two general trends: Patients with small left hemisphere strokes tend to recruit perilesional areas, while patients with large
left hemisphere lesions recruit mainly homotopic regions in the right hemisphere. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques
such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been employed to facilitate
recovery by stimulating lesional and contralesional regions. The majority of these brain stimulation studies have attempted
to block homotopic regions in the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to affect a presumed disinhibited right IFG
(triangular portion). Other studies have used anodal or excitatory tDCS to stimulate the contralesional (right) fronto-temporal
region or parts of the intact left IFG and perilesional regions to improve speech-motor output. It remains unclear whether
the interhemispheric disinhibition model, which is the basis for motor cortex stimulation studies, also applies to the language
system. Future studies could address a number of issues, including: the effect of lesion location on current density distribution,
timing of the intervention with regard to stroke onset, whether brain stimulation should be combined with behavioral therapy,
and whether multiple brain sites should be stimulated. A better understanding of the predictors of recovery from natural outcome
studies would also help to inform study design, and the selection of clinically meaningful outcome measures in future studies. 相似文献