Incorporating family therapy into asthma group intervention: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial

Asthma psychoeducational programs have been found to be effective in terms of symptom-related outcome. They are mostly illness-focused, and pay minimal attention to systemic/familial factors. This study evaluated a novel asthma psychoeducation program that adopted a parallel group design and incorporated family therapy. A randomized waitlist-controlled crossover clinical trial design was adopted. Children with stable asthma and their parents were recruited from a pediatric chest clinic. Outcome measures included, for the patients: exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), spirometry, and adjustment to asthma; and for the parents: perceived efficacy in asthma management, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale, Body Mind Spirit Well-being Inventory emotion subscale, and Short Form 12 health-related quality of life scale. Forty-six patients participated in the study. Attrition rates were 13.0% and 26.0% for the active and control groups, respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in airway inflammation, as indicated by eNO levels, and an increase in patient's adjustment to asthma and parents' perceived efficacy in asthma management. Serial trend analysis revealed that most psychosocial measures continued to progress steadily after intervention. Significant improvements in both symptom-related measures and mental health and relationship measures were observed. The findings supported the value of incorporating family therapy into asthma psychoeducation programs.     

Intertrial inhibition of focused attention in pop-out search

When a visual search for a color oddball is performed, responses to target-present trials are affected by the color of items in immediately preceding target-absent trials, a phenomenon known as the distractor-previewing effect (DPE). Specifically, the color of the items in the target-absent trial suppresses responses to a target of that color in the subsequent trial, even though participants report a target feature uncorrelated with color. We believe that this suppression reflects a transient inhibitory effect on focused attention that biases attention away from items that are of the same color as the items in the target-absent trial. Experiments 1-3 show that the DPE is present only in tasks that require focused attention. Experiments 4A and 4B show that the DPE persists even when target-absent displays are masked. Last, Experiment 5 shows that the DPE emerges as early as within the first 100 msec of a target-present trial and is fully in place by the 250-msec mark.     

论历史主义科学哲学的发生及其概念运动的动力

库恩哲学概念的特殊性来自于其思想的历史主义倾向。本文通过讨论库恩历史主义科学哲学的发生来揭示理解库恩哲学概念的维度,同时认为历史主义的“困境”是一种内部矛盾,也正是推动库恩哲学概念如“不可通约性”延展其丰富性的动力所在。     

跨文化心理学中的压力和应对研究

压力和应对的研究是跨文化心理学研究的一个重要组成部分,其研究对于理解东西方的文化差异有着重要意义.文章从文化视野中的压力和应对的理论模型及集体主义和个体主义这对文化模式出发,探讨了在环境系统、个体系统、暂时条件、认知评价和应对技能等方面存在的文化差异,最后指出压力和应对的跨文化研究应注意的问题.     

青少年道德自我认同问卷的修订

本研究以青少年群体为样本,在Aquino和Reed的道德自我认同问卷（Moral Identity Measure,MIM）基础上,进行问卷的修订。方法：对935名青少年进行原始问卷的测量,采用探索性因素分析。结果：与MIM原问卷相比,修订后的问卷包含了16个项目。因素分析表明,二个维度能够解释总方差41．68％的变异,各个项目的载荷在0．57～0．71之间,分半信度为0．69,同质信度达到了0．85。结论：经修订后,青少年道德同一性问卷具有较为满意的心理学测量指标,可以在青少年中推广使用。     

Teacher Efficacy In the Context of Teaching Low Achieving Students

This paper focused on the efficacy of Singapore teachers who teach low achieving adolescent students. Three dimensions of self-reported teacher efficacy—instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement—were examined in relation to teacher attributes and the teacher–student relationship. Data were obtained from the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (Teaching and Teacher Education 17:783–805, 2001) and the Teacher–Student Relationship Scale Ang (The Journal of Experimental Education 74:55–73, 2005). Significant differences between novice teachers and experienced teachers emerged in teacher efficacy beliefs in relation to instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. Conflict in teacher–student relationship was found to predict teacher efficacy for teachers of low achieving students. Implications for teachers’ professional development were discussed.     

论《管子》哲学之“人与天调”的自然观

中国古代思想家、哲学家认为;国家及个人的行为都要与天,也就是大自然保持一致,以追求人与自然的和谐。《管子》对天人关系的认识是唯物主义的,认为天地自然是按照阴阳规律而运动变化的,实现人与天地自然的相互协调,并提出了“人与天调”的哲学自然观。     

论中古文学创作论对道教卫生学的融摄

中古是文学自觉的时代,而对文学创作论认识方面的自觉则是这个整体的文学观念自觉中的重要组成部分。本文认为,中古士人融摄道教卫生学知识体系于文学理论之中,对于中古文学创作论的自觉有着建构性的意义。正是文学创作论开掘了这一相对于汉代经学的迥异的知识体系,才使他们拥有了崭新、有效的解剖工具,从而使中古的文学创作论获得了长足的进步,并奠定了中国古代文学创作论的基本认识模式。此后,以“神思”为核心范畴的创作论与以“雅正”观为核心范畴的价值论在传统文论中获得了同等理论地位。在融摄道教卫生学剖析文学创作论的实践中,陆机肇其始,刘勰集其大成,同时的预流者还包括王羲之、颜之推等人,说明这两个学科的结合已经成为时代性的共识。     

现代语境中的伦理学和伦理学家

现代语境中的伦理学面临着科技理性主义和市场商业化的双重挤压,致使伦理学原有的知识边界和学理方法均被突破.现代社会之公共生活领域与私人生活领域的日趋分化以及前者对后者日益增强的压迫,又使得伦理学在不得不承受双重挤压的同时,还经历着自身知识结构的急剧转型.凡此种种都给现代社会的伦理学和伦理学家提出了诸多新的理论课题,如何应对和处理这些课题,将不仅关系到作为一门经典人文科学的伦理学之未来发展,而且也将考验当代伦理学家承诺自身学术道义和理论责任的能力.