大学生的自立人格与现实问题解决

为了探讨大学生的自立人格能否影响其现实问题解决的质量,对个人/人际高低分组的共30名大学生进行了现实问题解决访谈,结果发现:个人/人际自立高分组被试在访谈中解决个人/人际问题的质量显著高于低分组。为了探索自立人格与现实问题解决能力的关系,使用《青少年学生自立人格量表》和《大学生日常问题解决能力调查问卷》对101名有效被试进行了调查,结果发现:自立人格的多个维度都与日常问题解决能力的维度有显著相关,自立人格的多个相关维度是日常问题解决相关能力的有效预测变量。两个研究的结果支持了研究假设:自立人格利于个体对现实生活问题的解决;自立人格包含或涉及个体解决现实问题的能力因素。此外,自立人格影响现实生活问题解决的具体特点和机制还值得进一步研究。     

Sexual self-disclosure in Cyberspace among Taiwanese adolescents: gender differences and the interplay of Cyberspace and real life.

This study explored adolescents' sexual self-disclosure in real life and cyberspace, as well as gender differences of sexual self-disclosure in cyberspace. There were 115 male and 92 female adolescents who participated in this pretest and posttest survey. In general, the depth of sexual self-disclosure in real life was greater than in cyberspace, but the breadth of sexual selfdisclosure in both real life and cyberspace was equivalent. The cross-lagged panel analysis indicated that adolescents who were willing to self-disclose sexual topics in real life also selfdisclosed them more in cyberspace, and vice versa. Furthermore, sexual self-disclosure in both disclosing environments was mutually predicted by each other. The findings also indicated that cyberspace might not be a substitute channel of compensatory gratification for sexual self-disclosure in real life. As for gender differences, the breadth and depth of sexual self-disclosure in male adolescents were greater than in female adolescents, in both real life and cyberspace. Male adolescents tend to be more active in Internet sexuality than females. However, female adolescents' sexual emancipation in cyberspace is not evident in Taiwan. Possible reasons, implications, and limitations of the findings are discussed.     

心身理论还原重构与新潮还原论

在人类探索知识的历程中,科学家一直把理论之间的还原作为一种机会,以此来发展对我们的知识的适用范围、结构以及事物根本构成关系的深远解释。在科学领域,科学家们认为某领域建立的理论只不过是基本领域如微观物理学理论的具体的体现,因而高层次理论解释并不必要,科学的发展就是用基本的理论取而代之却又不丧失前者的解释力。科学的发展证明了理论还原的成功,如伽俐略定律还原到牛顿定律,牛顿定律还原到爱因斯坦的相对论,甚至在生物学中,DNA双螺旋结构的发现被视为理论还原最伟大的成果,以至于DNA发现者、科学家克里克(Francis Crick)…     

The dynamic change of self-efficacy in information searching on the Internet: influence of valence of experience and prior self-efficacy

The authors investigated the dynamic change of specific self-efficacy in information searching on the Internet. In Study 1, the valence of experience was manipulated by task difficulty to obtain the developmental curve of self-efficacy change in consecutive information-searching trials. The results indicated that positive task experiences in information searching elicited a linear increase in self-efficacy. In contrast, negative task experiences elicited a more rapid decrease in self-efficacy. Self-efficacy of participants decreased to a lower level after the first negative experience and displayed a quadratic trend toward a floor effect. In Study 2, the authors examined the moderating effect of initial self-efficacy on the valence of experience. The enhancement effect of positive task experience on self-efficacy was more pronounced for individuals with lower levels of self-efficacy, whereas the deteriorating effect of negative experience was more prominent for individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy.     

Spatial updating in superimposed real and virtual environments

Wang (2004) showed that people do not always simultaneously update their relationships to real and imagined environments in a dual-environment situation. Employing the same paradigm, we examined whether spatial updating operates on virtual reality as it does on a real or fictitious environment. Participants learned target locations in a real room and a virtual kitchen. Then they turned to face targets either in the room or in the kitchen, while blindfolded, and pointed to the targets before and after turning. Participants kept track of their orientation in both environments equally efficiently, regardless of explicit instructions. In contrast, when the real environment was described verbally but not directly perceived, participants automatically updated the virtual kitchen but not the room. These results suggest that people automatically update a virtual environment as they do a real one when the two environments are superimposed. The automaticity of spatial updating is discussed.     

青年人人格理想的调查——以网络小说人物的人格为视角

为了探究当前青年人的人格理想,使用开放式问卷进行了调查.通过对112份有效问卷的内容分析发现:1)青年人主要看重外向张扬、温敦纯真、自立自强、道德高尚、睿智理性和低调淡泊6种人格品质;2)青年人的人格理想存在性别差异;3)青年人的人格理想受市场经济文化与传统文化的双重影响.     

Gender Differences in Stress and Coping among Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis

The study investigated whether gender differences in the stressor, coping strategies, and how they associate stress and copings among 875 elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis in Taiwan. Chi-square tests, MANOVA and Structural Equation Modeling were used to attain the research purposes. The results found that the women had reported higher stress in response to physical and vessel problems and higher scores in using emotion-oriented and support-seeking coping strategies, while the men reported higher stress in reproductive system functioning and higher score in using avoidance as a coping strategy. Furthermore, the results from SEM demonstrated that after controlling for patient characteristics, no statistical difference was found between the two groups with regard to their linking of stress and coping strategies.     

爱国主义是首要的公民美德

适逢金秋时节,在我们伟大的祖国即将迎来60华诞的前夕,第六届全国公民道德论坛在中原重镇郑州隆重召开,这无疑是我国社会主义道德文化建设的又一盛事.在此,请允许我代表中国伦理学会,向本届公民道德论坛的举行表示热烈祝贺!     

影响藏族大学生藏、汉文化认同的因素研究

该文通过问卷和访谈对藏族大学生的藏、汉文化认同状况进行了实地调查,初步分析了影响藏族大学生对本民族文化和汉族文化认同的因素。结果显示,藏族大学生的藏、汉文化认同之间存在着显著的负相关;父亲的受教育程度对藏族大学生对藏族文化的认同有显著影响;由于在教学中使用的语言不同,接受藏、汉双语教学的专业学习的学生,其藏族文化认同低于使用汉语单语教学的学生;学习汉语的时间对藏族大学生的藏、汉文化认同得分都有显著的影响。     

云门文偃的禅学思想

该文对唐末五代时期“禅宗五家”之一云门宗创始人文偃的禅学思想进行了初步分析,指出了其宗教哲学的客观唯心主义本质,同时也揭示了其“机锋”的反理性、反逻辑、反知识的特点。