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181.
This study was concerned with determining the factors important in the size illusion occurring with respect to extraneous objects introduced into an Ames’ monocular distorted room, It was asserted that the distortion in the room was unnecessary in order for the size illusion to be present, A rectangular room plus the extraneous objects produces the same stimulus conditions found in the Ames’ room and, hence, should produce the same illusion in perceived size, In an experiment using a rectangular room, 24 Os judged the size and distance of objects at the same or different distances behind the windows. As in the case of the Ames’ room it was found that the objects of physically equal size were perceived to be in the plane of the windows with the more distant objects appearing to have the smaller size. These results are explained in terms of the action of the equidistance tendency making the objects appear at the distance of the windows and the concept that objects in the same apparent fronto-parallel plane must have equal values of perceived size per unit of retinal size. 相似文献
182.
Walter Kristof 《Psychometrika》1974,39(1):23-29
This study in parametric test theory deals with the statistics of reliability estimation when scores on two parts of a test follow a binormal distribution with equal (Case 1) or unequal (Case 2) expectations. In each case biased maximum-likelihood estimators of reliability are obtained and converted into unbiased estimators. Sampling distributions are derived. Second moments are obtained and utilized in calculating mean square errors of estimation as a measure of accuracy. A rank order of four estimators is established. There is a uniformly best estimator. Tables of absolute and relative accuracies are provided for various reliability parameters and sample sizes. 相似文献
183.
Walter H. Manning 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1974,1(3):18-22
Three groups of forty subjects listened individually to one of four recordings of voluntary disfluencies. Disfluencies took the form of either one or two-unit repetitions and contained either the correct vowel or the stressed neutral vowel in place of the correct vowel. Each listener rated the speaker on a five point scale where 1 represented the most fluent rating and 5 represented the least fluent rating. Results indicated no significant difference in the ratings of the four recordings. Overall severity ratings decreased as training in speech pathology increased. Graduate students in Speech Pathology rated three of the four tapes as being significantly more fluent than the non-Speech Pathology undergraduates. While Speech Pathology graduate students tended to rate the four tapes as being more fluent than did the Pre-professional Speech Pathology students, only one tape was rated significantly different. 相似文献
184.
Walter Mischel Katharine M Jeffery Charlotte J Patterson 《Journal of research in personality》1974,8(3):231-242
This study investigated conditions that determine subjects' preferences for information about another person's traits versus his specific past behavior in order to predict his future behavior. The similarity-dissimilarity between the situation for which past behavior was available and the one to which predictions had to be made strongly influenced the choice of specific behavioral information versus more general trait information. As expected, behavioral information was preferred most when the situation to which behavior had to be predicted was highly similar to the one for which the past behavioral data were available. On the other hand, more general trait information was preferred in predicting to situations that were not directly similar to those for which past behavioral information was available. The effect of the temporal span covered by available information was also explored. 相似文献
185.
Kathleen Pitts Faircloth 《Learning and motivation》1974,5(1):16-23
A comparison between the reinforcement strength of self-administered and externally imposed brain stimulation was undertaken. Rats performed on a chain schedule in order to receive brain stimulation, either selfadministered or imposed, during the second component of the chain. Response rates during the first component of the chain schedule indicated that self-stimulation was more reinforcing than imposed stimulation. In addition, contrast, both positive and negative, seemed to be present. It was concluded that reinforcement strength may be enhanced when the subject controls the presentation of reinforcement. 相似文献
186.
Equations were developed to predict the apparent motion of a physically stationary object resulting from head movement as a function of errors in the perceived distances of the object or of its parts. These equations, which specify the apparent motion in terms of relative and common components, were applied to the results of two experiments. In the experiments, the perceived slant of an object was varied with respect to its physical slant by means of perspective cues. In Experiment I, O reported the apparent motion and apparent distance of each end of the object independently. The results are consistent with the equations in terms of apparent relative motion, but not in terms of apparent common motion. The latter results are attributed to the tendency for apparent relative motion to dominate apparent common motion when both are present simultaneously. In Experiment II, a direct report of apparent relative motion (in this case, apparent rotation) was obtained for illusory slants of a physically frontoparallel object. It was found that apparent rotations in the predicted direction occurred as a result of head motion, even though under these conditions no rotary motion was present on the retina. 相似文献
187.
188.
Scores obtained at eight different stages of practice on the Complex Coordination Test together with scores on 18 reference
tests were subjected to a Thurstone Centroid Factor Analysis. Nine meaningful factors were identified in the experimental
battery. The results indicated considerable, but systematic, changes in the factor structure of the Complex Coordination Test
as practice on the task was continued. The test became less complex (factorially) as practice was continued. Moreover, there
was a change in thenature of the factors contributing variance at early and later stages of practice. Implications of the findings are related to certain
problems of learning theory, psychomotor test development, and criterion analysis.
Skill Components Research Laboratory. The opinions or conclusions contained in this report are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views or indorsement of the Department of the Air Force.
The writers are indebted to Dr. Jack A. Adams for the basic data on which this analysis is based. 相似文献
189.
190.
Walter W. Merrill Jr. 《Psychometrika》1937,2(4):215-223
Since item values obtained by item analysis procedures are not always stable from one situation to another, it follows that selection of items for validity or difficulty is sometimes useless. An application of Chi Square to testing homogeneity of item values is made, in the case of theUL method, and illustrative data are presented. A method of applying sampling theory to Horst's maximizing function is outlined, as illustrative of author's observation that the results of item analysis by any of various methods may be similarly tested. 相似文献