Creating a hypertext markup language document for an information server

This paper briefly overviews the World-Wide Web. It then provides a short tutorial on the use of the hypertext markup language to publish information on the web. Hypertext markup language is a special page-layout language that was developed to help make creating and retrieving information on the web consistent and efficient. Hyperlinks within hypertext markup language make the language especially powerful because they enable the browser to transparently retrieve images, movies, or audio files from virtually any computer on earth simply by clicking on an item displayed on the monitor.     

Understanding the Self in Self-Transcendence

Based on the work of William James and Bernard Lonergan, this article proposes an understanding of the self as a duplex, dialectical, first-person reality constituted by consciousness and experienced as I and me.     

An inexpensive experiment controller for stand-alone applications or distributed processing networks

An inexpensive microprocessor-based experiment controller available as a commercially produced bare printed circuit board is described. It provides for up to 8 inputs and 40 outputs. An 8K Experiment Control BASIC (ECBASIC) and a compiled Experiment Control Language (ECL) are also available. Both languages have internal structures that enable time and responses to be dealt with in a very convenient and error-free manner. Time and response count are automatically incrementing variables that need only to be tested by the user program. ECBASIC provides a 10-msec accuracy, whereas ECL provides a l-msec accuracy. ECL provides extensive support for event-driven programs. The board and software are designed to provide an orderly migration from a stand-alone controller running ECBASIC as a relay-rack replacement, to a network of ECBASIC machines on a small computer, to a true error-checking network of ECL machines on a time-sharing operating system of a large computer. Network communication is over the three wires of a single unmodified RS232 asynchronous serial communication line.     

An experimental study of interethnic competition in segregated schools

Decomposed matrix games were used to study interethnic competition in the triethnic school system of a southwestern city. The sample consisted of sixth-grade males from segragated schools. In addition to the data from the matrix games, brief questionnaire measures of internal vs. external locus of control, self-esteem, and authoritarianism were also obtained. The results on the game matrices indicated that the anglos competed more and were less trusting than the blacks or chicanos. The questionnaire results indicated that the blacks were highest on feelings of external control and on authoritarianism, while the chicanos were lowest in self-esteem. Cooperative interethnic work groups were suggested as a means of coping with the problems that these differences might be expected to cause in integrated schools.     

Depth adjacency and the rod-and-frame illusion

The effects of psychological set on perception of first and second pain were determined for 20 subjects. Percutaneous electrical shock intensities (6–8 mA, 3 msec) sufficient to evoke double pain responses were used in all subjects. Psychological sets included PAST (“Place yourself in a previous experience that was free of any significant emotional tone”), PRESENT (“Feel your foot that will be shocked”), and FUTURE (“Think to yourself that you are about to be shocked”). Perception of second pain was never perceived in PAST and FUTURE sets but was always perceived in the PRESENT set. Furthermore, at minimal rates of stimulation ( > 1/3 sec), summation of second pain occurred in the PRESENT set but not in the FUTURE set. All subjects startled in the FUTURE set and did not startle in PAST or PRESENT sets. Each subject reported that the aversiveness of the shock related to painful sensations in PAST and PRESENT sets and to ones own body responses in the FUTURE set.     

A comparison of accommodative and fusional convergence as cues to distance

The effectiveness of fusional as compared with accommodative convergence (with accommodation present in both cases) in determining perceived distance was investigated in this study. Luminous frames of two different visual angles at a nearly constant distance were viewed binocularly to provide fusional convergence and monocularly to provide accommodative convergence. Although some differences in reported size and distance of the frames occurred on the first presentations for binocular as compared to monocular observation, the most systematic differences between these two types of observation were present for the second (successive) presentations of the two frame sizes to the same Os. This is attributed to the relative size cue to distance occurring as a function of the different retinal sizes on the successive presentations. It was found that this relative size cue was more effective in modifying the perceived size and distance of the second presentations for monocular than for binocular observation. It is suggested that this reflects the greater effectiveness as a cue to distance of fusional as compared with accommodative convergence. This conclusion is of importance for studies concerned with the evaluation of convergence as a determiner of perceived distance.     

Micro Experimental Laboratory: An integrated system for IBM PC compatibles

Micro Experimental Laboratory (MEL) is a third-generation integrated software system for experimental research. The researcher fills in forms, and MEL writes the experimental program, runs the experiments, and analyzes the data. MEL includes a form-based user interface, automatic programming, computer tutorials, a compiler, a real-time data acquisition system, database management, statistical analysis, and subject scheduling. It can perform most reaction time, questionnaire, and text comprehension experiments with little or no programming. It includes a Pascal-like programming language and can call routines written in standard languages. MEL operates on IBM PC compatible computers and supports most display controllers. MEL maintains millisecond timing with high-speed text and graphics presentation. MEL provides a systematic approach to dealing with nine concerns in running an experimental laboratory.