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231.
Dirk Hagemann Johannes Hewig Christoph Walter Andrea Schankin Daniel Danner Ewald Naumann 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(7):717-721
Eysenck’s arousal hypothesis suggests that introverts have greater cortical activity than extraverts. This prediction was tested in several studies that used the electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity to index cortical arousal, but empirical findings are inconsistent. Possibly, external factors of the measurement situation or static factors such as skull thickness may act as nuisance variables on alpha activity and thus mitigate the relation between arousal and extraversion. The aim of the present study was to test the arousal hypothesis with a focus on these methodological issues. Resting EEG was acquired on several occasions of measurement, skull thickness was quantified with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and extraversion was assessed by questionnaire. There was a positive association between alpha activity and extraversion, which was neither affected by external factors nor by skull thickness. This finding is in line with the arousal hypothesis and suggests that external or static factors do not contribute to the inconsistency of empirical findings. 相似文献
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Currently in humor research, there exists a dearth of computational models for humor perception. The existing theories are
not quantifiable and efforts need to be made to quantify the models and incorporate neuropsychological findings in humor research.
We propose a new computational model (GraPHIA) for perceiving phonological jokes or puns. GraPHIA consists of a semantic network
and a phonological network where words are represented by nodes in both the networks. Novel features based on graph theoretical
concepts are proposed and computed for the identification of homophonic jokes. The data set for evaluating the model consisted
of homophonic puns, normal sentences, and ambiguous nonsense sentences. The classification results show that the feature values
result in successful identification of phonological jokes and ambiguous nonsense sentences suggesting that the proposed model
is a plausible model for humor perception. Further work is needed to extend the model for identification of other types of
phonological jokes.
相似文献
Narayanan SrinivasanEmail: |
235.
Walter G. Sannita 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):17-22
A major issue in today’s neuroscience is how the brain complex and highly flexible organization emerges from its individual
components. Robustness of neuronal properties with weak linkages between regulatory processes are suggested to account for
the adaptive, tunable, multistable dynamics, the coding schemes and the complexity of neuronal functional (sub)systems. Interneurons
and neurotransmitter diversity, resonance phenomena due to properties of the cell or network, time/frequency-dependent activation
of dedicated neuronal assemblies, code- and frequency-specific oscillations interact in determining the brain functional setup
and operations. Despite the scientific relevance, comprehensive theories are not yet available, but the scenario—however incomplete
and incompletely characterized—is promising and warrants further investigation. 相似文献
236.
Ozlem Ayduk Monica L. Rodriguez Walter Mischel Yuichi Shoda Jack Wright 《Journal of research in personality》2007
Two studies examined the interactive effect of receptive verbal intelligence measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and self-regulatory competencies measured in the delay of gratification paradigm on boys’ aggression. Study 1 participants (N = 98) were middle school, low-income boys primarily ethnic minority. Participants for Study 2 (N = 59) were drawn from a treatment camp for boys from low-income neighborhoods with behavioral adjustment problems. In both studies, the interaction between verbal intelligence and self-regulation was significant such that verbal intelligence was associated with lower aggression to a greater extent among boys who had effective self-regulatory skills than among those who had ineffective self-regulatory skills. The implications of these findings for interventions and for a theory of risk factors in aggression are discussed. 相似文献
237.
Walter Bossert 《Synthese》2001,129(3):343-369
A generalized theory of revealed preference is formulated for choice situations where the consequences of choices from given menus are uncertain. In a nonprobabilistic framework, rational choice behavior can be defined by requiring the existence of a preference relation on the set of possible consequences and an extension rule for this relation to the power set of the set of consequences such that the chosen sets of possible outcomes are the best elements in the feasible set according to this extension rule. Rational choice is characterized under various assumptions on these relations. 相似文献
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239.
Geoffrey L. Thorpe Mark I. Walter Lisle R. Kingery William T. Nay 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2001,19(2):89-103
The Common Beliefs Survey-III (CBS-III), a factored measure of general irrational beliefs, has satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. The Situational Self-Statement and Affective State Inventory (SSSASI), also with acceptable basic psychometric properties, assesses specific thoughts and feelings in response to vignettes describing frustrating events. Both inventories are potentially useful in assessing dimensions important to REBT, but information on test-retest reliability is needed. The CBS-III and the SSSASI were administered to 101 undergraduate students on two occasions, two or three weeks apart. Satisfactory test-retest reliability coefficients were obtained on all subscales of both inventories, but in the case of the SSSASI reliabilities were generally stronger when the same form of the test was used on both occasions (Form 1 presented the thoughts before the feelings, whereas Form 2 presented the feelings before the thoughts). Further exploration showed that responding to the thoughts before the feelings significantly attenuated scores on the feelings, but responding to the feelings before the thoughts had no effect on scores on the thoughts. This unexpected finding also held true in a previously unexamined data set obtained with a different sample of students several years earlier. Taking careful stock of one's emotional reactions before embarking on cognitive modification interventions seems essential to REBT, and it follows that asking questionnaire respondents to rate their affective states before they rate their self-statements could be desirable conceptually. These results provide empirical support for that strategy. 相似文献
240.