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391.
Monica L. Baskin Marietta H. Collins Fontina Brown Jeana R. Griffith Denisse Samuels Anissa Moody Martha P. Thompson James Eckman Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1998,5(3):315-341
Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs in 1 of every 400 to 500 African American births. Despite its prevalence, there has been a relative dearth of attention paid to SCD in the psychological literature. African American SCD adolescents and young adults, individuals at an already vulnerable developmental stage, are at increased risk for psychological distress and psychosocial impairments (e.g., depression and low self-esteem, poor social and academic/vocational functioning). Such difficulties often result in problematic adherence to medical regimens, and thus represent a potentially serious clinical and public health problem that merits the attention of psychologists working in medical settings. This article (1) reviews the psychosocial needs peculiar to SCD patients transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood; (2) applies a culturally informed stress-coping-adjustment framework to assess and address the psychological status, psychosocial functioning, and disease outcomes of these individuals; and (3) describes a culturally and developmentally sensitive, psychoeducational group intervention. 相似文献
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Two experiments are reported in which expert and novice gymnasts were required to walk across a balance beam as quickly as possible in various vision conditions. In Experiment 1, experts walked faster than novices in all vision conditions, showing the greatest superiority when vision was completely eliminated. Novices were more dependent on vision and were able to maintain their performance as long as a visual sample was available every 250 ms (i.e: 4-Hz samples).The results of Experiment 2 indicate that differences between expert and novice performers in the no-vision condition were not related to the use of a short-term visual representation of the movement environment. Our movement time findings are problematic for specificity of learning models of skill acquisition. As well, film data collected in Experiment 2 were not consistent with models that propose a transition from closed-loop to open-loop control. 相似文献
397.
Religion can have a significant influence on the experience of infertility. However, it is unclear how many US women turn to religion when facing infertility. Here, we examine the utilization of prayer and clergy counsel among a nationally representative sample of 1062 infertile US women. Prayer was used by 74.8% of the participants, and clergy counsel was the most common formal support system utilized. Both prayer and clergy counsel were significantly more common among black and Hispanic women. Healthcare providers should acknowledge the spiritual needs of their infertile patients and ally with clergy when possible to provide maximally effective care. 相似文献
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Using email, we investigated intra- and inter-personal variables that may influence self-presentational behavior of those high in narcissism. Participants rated themselves in domains requiring either external validation (e.g., attractiveness) or internal validation (e.g., morality), when either accountable or non-accountable to an evaluative audience. When degree of external self-worth contingency [Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, S. (2003). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 894–908.] was high, those high in narcissism presented themselves in a self-enhancing manner in external domains, even when accountable, whereas those low in narcissism were more modest when accountable. Those high in narcissism may be chronically vigilant for self-enhancement opportunities, especially in external domains where their self-worth is contingent, but may be insensitive to social constraints and norms in their efforts to construct grandiose identities. 相似文献
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From Environmental to Ecological Ethics: Toward a Practical Ethics for Ecologists and Conservationists 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Ecological research and conservation practice frequently raise difficult and varied ethical questions for scientific investigators
and managers, including duties to public welfare, nonhuman individuals (i.e., animals and plants), populations, and ecosystems.
The field of environmental ethics has contributed much to the understanding of general duties and values to nature, but it
has not developed the resources to address the diverse and often unique practical concerns of ecological researchers and managers
in the field, lab, and conservation facility. The emerging field of “ecological ethics” is a practical or scientific ethics
that offers a superior approach to the ethical dilemmas of the ecologist and conservation manager. Even though ecological
ethics necessarily draws from the principles and commitments of mainstream environmental ethics, it is normatively pluralistic,
including as well the frameworks of animal, research, and professional ethics. It is also methodologically pragmatic, focused
on the practical problems of researchers and managers and informed by these problems in turn. The ecological ethics model
offers environmental scientists and practitioners a useful analytical tool for identifying, clarifying, and harmonizing values
and positions in challenging ecological research and management situations. Just as bioethics provides a critical intellectual
and problem-solving service to the biomedical community, ecological ethics can help inform and improve ethical decision making
in the ecology and conservation communities.
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Ben A. MinteerEmail: |
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