A Brief Educational Attainment Scale for Clinical Use

Abstract

La Grande Guerre. Catalogue raisonné des estampes, originaux, affiches illustrées, imageries, vignettes, cartes postales, médailles, bons de monnaies, timbres, etc., du 1er Aout 1914 au 31 Décembre, 1915. Préface de Georges Cain. Tome premier. Collection Henri Leblanc. Destiné à l'Etat. Paris, Emile-Paul Frères, 1916. 434 p. Reviewed By Louis N. Wilson     

The Coding of Location

One prediction of the recent target hypothesis for movement control (MacNeilage, 1970; Russell, 1976) holds that location reproduction is not solely dependent upon stored kinesthetic information. Three experiments were performed to test this prediction by requiring the subject to reproduce the location with the limb opposite to the one used for criterion production. This switched-limb procedure was assumed to force the subject to rely upon more abstract information rather than the kinesthetic cues of the criterion movement. With movement direction invariant, switched-limb reproduction was equal to same-limb reproduction. The alteration of movement direction hampered switched-limb reproduction but same-limb reproduction was not greatly affected. These findings gave some support to the target hypothesis but suggested that the context of the movement may affect the potency of the location code. Implications of the switched-limb technique for future research were briefly discussed.     

Memory and Perceptual Trace Development in Ballistic Timing

Adams’ (1971) closed-loop theory holds that memory and perceptual trace development is a function of the amount of practice with knowledge of results. If knowledge of results is withdrawn before these two memory states are strong performance will worsen, but after substantial practice performance can be maintained and evaluated in the absence of knowledge of results. To test the first prediction, three independent groups were given varying amounts of KR trials prior to early knowledge of results withdrawal. Subjects attempted to produce a 24.13-cm movement in exactly 150 msec. Memory and perceptual trace performance (as reflected in mean absolute and mean absolute estimated error, respectively) were dependent on the amount of knowledge of results practice, and the memory and perceptual trace remained reasonably strong during late knowledge of results withdrawal.     

ROC and z-ROC analysis in recognition memory: continuous, threshold, and asymmetric models

In this research, we applied the operating characteristic of the receiver (ROC) to evaluate item-recognition memory by means of open class words (CA) and closed class words (CC). The purpose was to evaluate memory processes and models, according to the type of stimuli used: words in Spanish, classified according to grammar characteristics. To register the data, a rating scale was applied to obtain the appropriate response levels. Statistically significant differences between the processing of both types of words were obtained. We evaluated models of threshold, continuous, and unequal variance. As a result, we could contribute to the resolution of the present controversy about the models adapted to evaluate the memory of item recognition. Lastly, the differentiation and integration of the models from an empirical point of view is discussed.     

Current Considerations in the Assessment of Youth Narcissism: Indicators of Pathological and Normative Development

The present study summarizes research on youth narcissism and examines the relations between different measures of youth narcissism and various indicators of behavioral, emotional, and social functioning. This area of research has grown dramatically in only a few years and speaks to the recognized role of self-perception in general and narcissism specifically in youth adjustment. Data are presented for 117 adolescents ages 16 to 19 attending a residential program. Results showed a moderate level of association across three measures of youth narcissism. In addition, each of the measures appeared to capture unique variance in different indicators of behavioral and social functioning. The implications of this area of research for conceptualizations of youth personality, assessment, and behavioral problems are discussed.     

Successful generalized parent training and failed schedule thinning of response blocking for automatically maintained object mouthing

Mouthing of inedible objects maintained by automatic reinforcement can be particularly difficult to treat, given that the functional reinforcer is not socially mediated, and therefore it is difficult or impossible to withhold reinforcement. In the current investigation, response blocking was used to reduce automatically maintained object mouthing. Treatment effects were generalized to the natural environment. An attempt at schedule thinning was not successful; however, the participant's parents were trained to implement the treatment successfully in their home. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perceptions and use of empirically-supported psychotherapies among eating disorder professionals

Despite growing support for the dissemination of empirically-supported treatments (ESTs), treatment providers have been slow to take up using ESTs. This study explored eating disorders (EDs) professionals' views of empirical support for psychotherapies for EDs and the role of empirical evidence in ED treatment selection. We distributed a web-based survey to members of two international organizations of ED practitioners and researchers; 402 members (32.7%) were eligible and participated. Most providers reported they used ESTs in treating EDs, but these ESTs were often folded into eclectic approaches rather than used in forms that had been evaluated in research trials. Use of ESTs and perceptions of empirical support for psychotherapies differed between participants who were and were not recently involved in research. We conclude that perceptions of available research evidence may be important to target in efforts to increase the uptake of ESTs in clinical practice and to help close the research-practice gap.     

Have Mental Health Education Programs Influenced the Mental Health Literacy of Those with Major Depression and Suicidal Ideation? A Comparison between 1998 and 2008 in South Australia

Mental health literacy is the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders that aid their recognition, management, or prevention and is considered to be an important determinant of help‐seeking. This has relevance in suicide prevention, as depression, the clinical condition most frequently associated with suicidality, has been the target of community and professional education programs designed to enhance mental health literacy. In this study, whether such programs have influenced help‐seeking attitudes and behavior in those who are depressed and suicidal was considered. The results indicate that despite intensive community education programs over the last two decades, there has been little change in those who are depressed and suicidal in terms of their attitudes toward treatment seeking and, more importantly, their treatment‐seeking behavior. These results draw into question the value of current community education programs for those most vulnerable to suicidal behavior.     

Comparative analysis of movement characteristics during dead-reckoning-based navigation in humans and rats

Human and rat movement organization was investigated as they searched for randomly located rewards without access to visual information. Under dark conditions, rats foraged for randomly located food pellets (Experiment 1). Blindfolded humans were instructed to search for an ostensible hidden coin using a metal detector (Experiment 2). After locating the food pellet, rats carried it back to the refuge, and after a designated searching time, humans were instructed to return to the start location. Although both species exhibited a high degree of similarity in searching path movement organization and ability to return to the start location, disruption of human searching path organization was associated with impairments in returning to the start location. These results support the vestibular "gain" account of movement organization during dead-reckoning-based navigation.