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121.
Barry M. Wagner Bruce E. Compas David C. Howell 《American journal of community psychology》1988,16(2):189-205
The hypothesis that negative daily events mediate the relationship between major negative events and psychological symptomatology was tested using a three-wave, three-variable panel design. Measures of major and daily life events and psychological symptomatology were administered to 58 older adolescents at three time points during the transition from high school to college. The results indicated that the pathways from major life events to daily events and from daily events to psychological symptomatology were significant at each of the time points, but that the direct pathways from major events to psychological symptomatology were not significant at any time point. Thus, the hypothesis was fully supported. The findings are discussed in light of their implications for an integrative theory of the process by which major and daily events have an effect on psychological symptomatology. 相似文献
122.
123.
In a simulated absolute judgment task, subjects guessed which numeral would appear next in a random sequence. Feedback was given after every trial. The average response for the nth trial was analyzed as a joint function of both the response and the feedback for the previous trial. The results confirm those of an earlier study by Ward and Lockhead (1971). Two new models are proposed to explain sequence effects in this task of infinite difficulty. Although computer simulations based on the models fit the data reasonably well, problems remain when attempts are made to apply the same theoretical reasoning to absolute judgment tasks involving actual stimuli. 相似文献
124.
Susan Wagner Harvey A. Hornstein Stephen Holloway 《Journal of applied social psychology》1982,12(6):429-443
Two field experiments investigate how information about aspects of the social environment affects willingness to help others who are similar or dissimilar. Subjects were pedestrians who found a lost packet of materials containing information about the opinions of the packet's loser and a survey report which claimed that the quality of life in the neighborhood had either improved or deteriorated. In the fiist study, the opinions were varied in order to create different degrees of opinion similarity between the loser and subject. Results showed that relatively slight differences between the loser's and subject's opinions made subjects unwilling to help (return the lost packet) when information about the social environment suggested a negative state of affairs, e.g., quality of life deteriorating. However, when information about the social environment suggested a positive state of affairs, subjects were willing to help, even if there was little similarity of opinion. In the second study, subjects learned that the loser of the packet agreed with their views on one opinion but disagreed on another. In this study, one of the two opinions concerned the same social issue as the one described in the survey report. Results demonstrated that subjects helped when there was agreement on the social issue that was also highlighted in survey reports of a negative state of affairs in the social environment and withheld help when there was disagreement on this issue. There were trends for the same result with information about a positive state of affairs in the social world. 相似文献
125.
J A Wagner 《Adolescence》1987,22(85):23-35
This study investigated the relationship between the development of formal operations and the formation of ego identity in adolescence. Two Piagetian formal tasks, the combinatorial and equilibrium in the balance, and two measures of ego identity, a semistructured interview and an incomplete sentences test, were administered to 20 males and 20 females each at age levels 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years. Significant positive correlations were obtained between combinatorial ability and degree of identity, suggesting that high identity may facilitate the application of combinatorial operations. Males exhibited superior performance on the balance task; thus they may utilize more effective cognitive strategies, or be more inherently motivated to solve mechanical problems than females. On the identity interview, females showed a greater degree of commitment to future goals than males in middle adolescence; this may reflect the earlier maturation of females. 相似文献
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127.
29 male and 21 female chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics were classified as aggressive or nonaggressive on items of a behaviorally anchored checklist completed by ward personnel plus adjunctive measures of behavior during institutionalization. Women were rated as significantly more aggressive than men. The women engaged in more hostile acts, destroyed more property, were more verbally abusive, and were more uncooperative with staff and other patients than men. The results are discussed in terms of possible sex differences in diagnosis, severity of symptoms, age of onset, and admission/discharge practices. 相似文献
128.
Mark Wagner 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1985,38(6):483-495
129.
130.
Catching up with wonderful women: The women‐are‐wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies
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Kuba Krys Colin A. Capaldi Wijnand van Tilburg Ottmar V. Lipp Michael Harris Bond C.‐Melanie Vauclair L. Sam S. Manickam Alejandra Domínguez‐Espinosa Claudio Torres Vivian Miu‐Chi Lun Julien Teyssier Lynden K. Miles Karolina Hansen Joonha Park Wolfgang Wagner Angela Arriola Yu Cai Xing Ryan Wise Chien‐Ru Sun Razi Sultan Siddiqui Radwa Salem Muhammad Rizwan Vassilis Pavlopoulos Martin Nader Fridanna Maricchiolo María Malbran Gwatirera Javangwe İdil Işık David O. Igbokwe Taekyun Hur Arif Hassan Ana Gonzalez Márta Fülöp Patrick Denoux Enila Cenko Ana Chkhaidze Eleonora Shmeleva Radka Antalíková Ramadan A. Ahmed 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(Z1):21-26
Inequalities between men and women are common and well‐documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies—there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women‐are‐wonderful effect—that women are evaluated more positively than men overall—is also common. Cross‐cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self‐reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women‐are‐wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women. 相似文献