神经科学实验研究进展综述——决定论的视角

神经科学已成为最前沿的科学研究领域,科学家从不同角度、不同层次开展对脑认知的研究,用现代实验技术的方法探究原来只属于哲学思辨范围内的"意识"问题.特别是近些年来的研究成果为"自由意志"与"决定论"之间的论战提供了更多的实验证据.     

医务人员言语偏误的伦理评介

通过具体临床言语资料的分析,发现医惠交际中存在着言语信息失量、言语态度失衡、言语策略失慎和言伴信息失却等问题.医务人员对患者缺乏必要的人文关怀和伦理照应是问题产生的关键.加强医务人员的言语伦理修养,是对传统医学伦理的尊重,也是新形势下促进医惠关系和谐发展的一项重要举措.     

调节匹配对期望与绩效关系的影响

以往研究发现了调节定向、调节期望与绩效的关系。本研究基于调节匹配理论,以149名大学生为被试、通过与个体长期调节定向相一致或不一致的任务框架(收获/无收获vs无损失/损失)操作调节匹配性,进一步研究了调节匹配对期望与绩效关系的影响。结果显示,调节匹配会进一步加强以往研究中发现的调节定向对期望和绩效关系的调节模式,不匹配会起到削弱作用。当促进定向占主导的个体完成强调有无收获的任务时,高期望对绩效的促进作用显著高于完成强调有无损失的任务;而当预防定向占主导的个体完成强调有无损失的任务时,低期望对绩效的促进作用显著高于完成强调有无收益的任务。     

Pathways Between Marriage and Parenting for Wives and Husbands: The Role of Coparenting

As family systems research has expanded, so have investigations into how marital partners coparent together. Although coparenting research has increasingly found support for the influential role of coparenting on both marital relationships and parenting practices, coparenting has traditionally been investigated as part of an indirect system which begins with marital health, is mediated by coparenting processes, and then culminates in each partner's parenting. The field has not tested how this traditional model compares with the equally plausible alternative model, in which coparenting simultaneously predicts both marital relationships and parenting practices. Furthermore, statistical and practical limitations have typically resulted in only one parent being analyzed in these models. This study used model-fitting analyses to include both wives and husbands in a test of these two alternative models of the role of coparenting in the family system. Our data suggested that both the traditional indirect model (marital health to coparenting to parenting practices), and the alternative predictor model where coparenting alliance directly and simultaneously predicts marital health and parenting practices, fit for both spouses. This suggests that dynamic and multiple roles may be played by coparenting in the overall family system, and raises important practical implications for family clinicians.     

中国疾控中心公卫医师岗位胜任力模型构建

运用文献研究法、问卷调查法及因子分析法等方法,对2 461名疾病预防控制中心公共卫生医师的岗位胜任力要素进行分析,并构建公共卫生医师岗位胜任力模型。构成要素包括6个公因子,并将其分别命名为综合能力与职业精神、医学基础知识、实践技能、公共卫生知识、健康管理、发展与创新6个维度。其因子权重分别为24.79%、26.34%、14.94%、11.70%、13.06%、9.17%。对要素的重要性评分结果显示,实践技能和综合能力与职业精神这两个维度得分较高。影响公共卫生医师岗位胜任力的要素可以归纳为6个维度,其中医学基础知识和综合能力与职业精神对胜任力的影响最为突出,建议加强对疾病预防控制中心公共卫生医师医学基础知识和综合技能的培训,以建立更优质的疾控人才队伍。     

叙事医学视阈下的文学与医学课程教学探索

介绍了北京大学医学部的文学与医学导论课程的教学探索。课程主要以文学作品为依托,通过文学作品中的涉医话题,如医学生的教育和成长、生死教育、医生形象、疾病叙事等,培养医学生的共情能力、伦理决策能力、临床想象力、语言和非语言沟通技巧、反思能力、疾病体验能力等。经过逐步调整和完善,形成了模块化教学、研讨班形式、反思性写作、全球竞争力提升和教学促科研等特色,并反思了遇到的挑战,展望了未来发展空间,以期为更多的文学与医学教学实践提供借鉴。     

Looking Back on Self‐Poisoning: The Relationship between Depressed Mood and Reporting of Suicidal Intent in People Who Deliberately Self‐Poison

Lifetime worst‐point suicidality is associated with risk of subsequent death by suicide. Yet little is known about how people who deliberately self‐poison (DSP) change their appraisal of suicidal intent of a single DSP episode over time. We assessed whether suicidal intent for a single index episode of DSP changed over time and factors associated with such change. We studied 202 patients admitted for DSP (66.3% female, all Caucasian), 18–85 years old (M = 37.8, SD = 14.8), using a longitudinal design (0, 3, and 12 months). The primary outcome measure was change in suicidal intent for a single index DSP episode, analyzed using multilevel modeling. Wish to die and whether the episode was considered a suicide attempt increased significantly with depressed mood. Wish to die associated with the index episode also increased over time independently of depressed mood. No association with time or depressed mood was found for perceived likelihood of dying. Depressed mood was strongly associated with appraisal of suicidal intent associated with a DSP episode. In suicide risk assessment, reports of the nature and severity of past DSP should be interpreted in light of current mood.     

五臟相音 六腑应律——再探《黄帝内经》失传2 000多年的理论和技术

《黄帝内经•灵枢•经别》说：五臓相音,六腑应律,乃人体与天地合道的体现。但经典对于相关内容,论述极少,其技术失传千年。20年前,对于五脏相音的研究仅涉及五音而未涉及六律,主要是经典所述的文字内容有所缺失。通过对2021年再问世《扁鹊镜经》相关内容的研究,补充了《黄帝内经》对六腑应律的论述不足,经过对此两部经典的相互参照弥补,考证其他经史的记载与论述,并结合现代声学的研究理论与成果,较为完整地整理出五臟相音、六腑应律的理论与技术,遂使传统中医闻诊理论得以完璧。