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151.
Irwin Z. Hoffman Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(6):721-731
Jeremy D. Safran feels that my views regarding the relative merits of case studies and systematic empirical research are unnecessarily polarizing. I feel that, on the contrary, I'm offering bridges between my perspective and those of researchers on psychoanalytic process and outcome in two ways. One is through my own constructivist critique of traditional positivist case studies and theorizing based upon clinical experience. The second is through conceptualizing the place of systematic research within a constructivist paradigm. I am arguing that its place can be no different than that of case studies. Both generate possibilities for any particular analyst or analytic therapist to have in mind as he or she works with a particular patient at a particular moment. Safran locates the destructive effects of scientism with “biologically oriented researchers and cognitive therapists.” In my view, it might be convenient if the problem could be located exclusively with them, but the fact is that psychoanalytic researchers, as I demonstrate, are working largely within the same paradigm as their adversaries in the research world. That paradigm erroneously privileges systematic research as hypothesis-testing, whereas case studies are relegated to the status of anecdotal, hypothesis-generating work. I describe what I call “nonlinear constructivist learning” as the kind of “generalization” that case studies can yield and that is optimal for our field. 相似文献
152.
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154.
Murray Z. Safian 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(3):419-421
An instrument designed to measure components of two distinct alcoholism aftercare treatments was developed and evaluated for reliability and validity. Trained judges reliably rated audiotaped samples of coping skills and interactional group therapy sessions. Coping skills groups engaged in significantly more education and skill training, problem solving, and role playing. Interactional groups showed more interpersonal learning, expression/exploration of feelings, and here-and-now focus. Groups that employed more education and skill training, less expression and exploration of feelings, and less her e-and-now focus were associated with fewer members reporting subsequent drinking-related problems. None of the ratings of group activities was related to abstinence. 相似文献
155.
Elizabeth Z. Johnson Ed.D. 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(3):320-326
Summary: The influence of buffer items on response to the MarloweCrowne Social Desirability Scale (MC) was examined. Thirty-four college student subjects received MC questionnaires with intermixed extraversion and neuroticism items, while 35 others received separate MC and extraversion-neuroticism questionnaires. MC means under the two conditions differed nonsignificantly, and confidence interval estimation spoke against the likelihood of any appreciable buffer item effect. Little insight into the purpose of MC was exhibited—less than half that previously reported by Shrauger (1972)—nor was it related to the buffer item manipulation. 相似文献
156.
Analysis of 65 children, ages 5-9, followed longitudinally over a four year period with tests of operational and causal thinking offers support for Piaget's notions of constant, irreversible succession of stage progression. By Grade II (ages 7-8) the majority of children had attained the terminal stage on all but 2 of the 9 tests given. By Grade III terminal stages had been achieved for all tests although progress was comparatively slowest on tests measuring causality. True regression was found in only 6.5% of the total number of regressions which is less than 1% of the total possible number of regressions. The highly regressing children were not less intelligent (WISC) than those who showed few or no regressions. 相似文献
157.
Z. Piotrowski 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(4):172-175
Abstract This is a supplement to the Rorschach bibliographies published by Dr. P. E. Vernon; the last of these was published in the January 1937 issue of the Rorachach Research Exchange. All available articles which are not contained in Dr. Vernon's bibliography are included. Those articles which have appeared in the Rorschach Research Exchange but which have not appeared elsewhere are omitted. 相似文献
158.
Michelle L. West Victoria Z. Lawson Jillian Grose-Fifer 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(2):133-144
There are concerns that if neuroscientific deception detection evidence becomes admissible in court, jurors may weigh it inappropriately. We investigated whether mock jurors were influenced more by electrophysiological than behavioral evidence that a defendant in a criminal trial was lying. Participants’ perceptions of evidence quality predicted verdict choice, and quality ratings were higher for neuroscientific than for behavioral evidence. However, both types of evidence increased guilty verdicts similarly, and the inclusion of neuroimages had no additional impact. These findings suggest that neuroscientific evidence may be processed differently than other types of deception evidence, but it is not necessarily more persuasive. 相似文献
159.
Kate Z. Williams Meline M. Schaffer Lauren E. Ellis 《Journal of business and psychology》2013,28(4):401-410
Purpose
This paper reviews a decade of employment litigation to illuminate the most legally dangerous selection devices and employment practices.Design/Methodology/Approach
A sample (n = 312) of court cases drawn from 10 years of Bloomberg BNA case briefs was analyzed to determine which selection tools (e.g., biographical information blank, interview, cognitive ability test, and psychomotor test) and which selection processes (e.g., violations of the four-fifths rule, administrative inconsistencies, lack of documentation, failure to provide accommodations) are most at risk for litigation for unfair employment practices.Findings
Results demonstrate that while some selection tools do attract legal scrutiny, dangerous hiring practices such as favoritism against protected classes and improper human resource documentation put employers at far greater risk of suit. When considering cases settled outside of court and those that continued to trial, the data reveal that employers lose employment discrimination cases at a rate nearing 90 % and suffer an average payout of over $1.5 million per case.Implications
Just as legal challenges once drove the search for selection tools free of adverse impact, the current legal landscape demonstrates the necessity of fair and consistent selection processes. This paper provides evidence of common mistakes in implementing selection systems—mistakes that lead to costly legal battles.Originality/Value
This paper reduces cumbersome legal records into useful evidence of trends in recent employment law cases. Selection system designers and organizations who implement them will benefit from avoiding the risky hiring practices presented in this paper. 相似文献160.