Techniques for Simultaneous Inference

When more than one significance test is carried out on data from a single experiment, researchers are often concerned with the probability of one or more Type I errors over the entire set of tests. This article considers several methods of exercising control over that probability (the so-called family-wise Type I error rate), provides a schematic that can be used by a researcher to choose among the methods, and discusses applications to contingency tables.     

Implementing “Starting Points”: A Follow-Up Study

The article describes a follow-up study of the implementation of a group-based needs assessment program for unemployed people titled “Starting Points.” The study was conducted using a focus group methodology that resulted in 813 statements from staff and clients involved with the program. The statements were categorized within 15 themes. The themes generated suggested that the program was successful in connecting clients with needed resources. They also pointed out the importance of the way in which clients were referred to the program and the availability of resources following completion of the program. Recommendations are made regarding future implementation of the program. The article concludes with questions raised by the study regarding the implementation of employment counseling interventions generally.     

The Effects of Self-Efficacy on Job Acceptance Behavior Among American College Students

The differential effects of high and low self-efficacy on mock job acceptance behavior were assessed using a sample of 292 American college students. It was found that high and low self-efficacy groups demonstrated different regression equations. These results suggest that different processes must be used to explain the acceptance behavior of high and low self-efficacy groups.     

Crisis centers and hotlines: a survey

Crisis centers and hotlines are relatively new approaches to the nation's growing concern for mental health problems. In order to provide information for those beginning a center, 253 centers were surveyed regarding five major aspects of crisis center operations: screening procedures for telephone listener-counselor applicants, training procedures, services offered, types of calls received, and financing. Resources for further information and for better communication among centers are identified.     

On the Nature of Marital Relationships: Measurable Differences in Spontaneous Agreement

The Spontaneous Agreement (SA) scores on a lengthened form of the Ferreira-Winter Questionnaire of 242 normal and 177 abnormal couples were compared in a cross-sectional study, taking into account the duration of their marriage. For those couples married a short time, SA did not differ for the two groups. The overall SA was higher for normals, and the longer the normal couples were married, the higher their SA. SA did not increase with duration of marriage for abnormal couples. Both groups had higher SA scores than synthetically matched couples.     

Parental Behavior and Vocational Choice: A Comparison of Counselors and Engineers

This study compared the perceived parental behavior characteristics of 41 counselors in training and 33 fifth-year engineering students in a test of a part of Roe's vocational choice theory, which suggests dichotomous pattern of vocational choice: “toward persons” (e.g., counseling) or “toward nonpersons” (e.g., engineering) categories that will have been determined by the nature of the early childhood socialization process. In essence, a person who has experienced a warm loving home situation is more likely to enter a “toward persons” occupation and an individual whose parent-child relationship was emotionally cold will most likely gravitate toward a “toward nonpersons” occupation. Both groups were administered the Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire developed by Roe and Siegelman. The findings lend considerable support to Roe's theory.     

Developing Coordinated Technical Assistance and Training Programs

The design of a coordinated, multi-level technical assistance and training system is crucial to the delivery of manpower services under CETA. A framework for the development of such a system, together with tentative roles and responsibilities for its implementation are presented.     

Privacy and the new technology

Technology has been charged with destroying personal privacy. Some look to technology itself for solutions and countermeasures to the threat; others seek to control the threat by laws. But protection by control of human incentives holds most promise. Schools, for example, suffer from datamania, which might be alleviated by proper control of incentives. This article suggests several steps we can take to avoid any individual gain from acquiring information about others.     

The Experience of Underemployment

The authors conducted an exploratory study of male college graduates who experienced underemployment to discover significant events occurring during this experience and the feelings attached to those events.