从"扁鹊自责"谈我国糖尿病防治现状及对策

全球糖尿病发病率日益增多.我国糖尿病诊断率及治疗达标率低,并发症发生率高、进展快,治疗现状令人担忧.减轻体重干预糖耐量受损,是决定疾病转归的关键环节、生活方式及药物干预均可降低糖尿病发生率.只有重视普及糖尿病相关知识,提高专业队伍素质,针对高危人群重点筛查及干预,早期发现糖尿病及综合治疗,才有可能减少糖尿病发病率及致残、致死率.     

社会支持缓解高互依自我个体的急性心理应激反应

高互依自我构念个体以社会角色来定义自己, 更看重自己的社会关系; 社会评价威胁是诱发个体社会心理应激反应的重要情境因素, 然而高互依自我构念个体在心理性应激情境中是否会表现出更高的应激反应, 以及社会支持是否会缓解高互依自我构念个体的急性心理应激反应还不可知。本研究以特里尔社会应激测试为范式, 以主观应激报告、心率和唾液皮质醇作为应激指标, 使用自我构念问卷测量个体互依自我构念水平, 将健康大学生被试随机分配到自我支持启动组和社会支持启动组。结果发现, 互依自我构念水平正向预测个体在应激情境中的皮质醇水平增加量; 同时, 相比于自我支持启动, 高互依自我构念的个体在经历社会支持后有更低的唾液皮质醇变化量。研究结果提示, 社会支持对高互依自我构念个体的急性心理应激反应起到了良好的缓解作用。     

数字式肌电显示仪及其在体育中的应用

本文介绍数字式肌电显示仪。由微电极检测得到的肌电信号经过放大器之后被本仪器以数字形式显示出来,由于其具有对输出量的保持以及提供不同的展示肌电值的时间间隔的功能,它可以用于估计和分析人体的紧张程度。本仪器已用于国家射击队的心理训练。     

Influence of the large–small split effect on strategy choice in complex subtraction

Two main theories have been used to explain the arithmetic split effect: decision‐making process theory and strategy choice theory. Using the inequality paradigm, previous studies have confirmed that individuals tend to adopt a plausibility‐checking strategy and a whole‐calculation strategy to solve large and small split problems in complex addition arithmetic, respectively. This supports strategy choice theory, but it is unknown whether this theory also explains performance in solving different split problems in complex subtraction arithmetic. This study used small, intermediate and large split sizes, with each split condition being further divided into problems requiring and not requiring borrowing. The reaction times (RTs) for large and intermediate splits were significantly shorter than those for small splits, while accuracy was significantly higher for large and middle splits than for small splits, reflecting no speed–accuracy trade‐off. Further, RTs and accuracy differed significantly between the borrow and no‐borrow conditions only for small splits. This study indicates that strategy choice theory is suitable to explain the split effect in complex subtraction arithmetic. That is, individuals tend to choose the plausibility‐checking strategy or the whole‐calculation strategy according to the split size.     

注意分心对定义一体化编码的影响

通过考察编码阶段注意分心对定义一体化条件下联结记忆成绩的影响,探究定义一体化编码对注意资源的依赖程度。使用注意分心范式,在记忆编码过程操作无分心、奇偶分心和大小分心条件,比较不同注意条件下的联结记忆成绩。结果发现:与无分心条件相比,定义一体化下的联结记忆成绩在两种分心条件下没有显著变化,而造句下的联结记忆成绩在两种分心条件下显著降低。当前发现表明了定义一体化编码较少依赖于注意资源,这深化了对定义一体化编码机制的认识。     

三类多层中介效应分析方法比较

比较了贝叶斯法、Monte Carlo法和参数Bootstrap法在2-1-1多层中介分析中的表现。结果发现：1)有先验信息的贝叶斯法的中介效应点估计和区间估计都最准确;2)无先验信息的贝叶斯法、Monte Carlo法、偏差校正和未校正的参数Bootstrap法的中介效应点估计和区间估计表现相当,但Monte Carlo法在第Ⅰ类错误率和区间宽度指标上表现略优于其他三种方法,偏差校正的Bootstrap法在统计检验力上表现略优于其他三种方法,但在第Ⅰ类错误率上表现最差;结果表明,当有先验信息时,推荐使用贝叶斯法;当先验信息不可得时,推荐使用Monte Carlo法。     

抗肿瘤药物心脏毒性的监测和治疗进展

许多临床常用的抗肿瘤药物均有不同程度的心脏毒性.常见的心血管并发症包括心力衰竭、心肌缺血、心律失常、高血压、低血压、血栓形成等.现就国内外近年对抗肿瘤药物心脏毒性的监测和治疗等方面的进展进行综述.     

实验诊断临床思维程序的必要性及其内容

为提高临床实验诊断的效率和准确性,提出编写"实验诊断临床思维程序"的观点.从实验诊断学的特性及发展趋势方面论述了该程序的必要性,并初步拟定了包括项目选择、结果判断和结果应用三个部分的实验诊断临床思维程序.     

Between mind and trace �� A research into the theories on Xin �� (Mind) of early Song Confucianism and Buddhism

From Han Yu’s yuan Dao 原道 (retracing the Dao) to Ouyang Xiu’s lun ben 论本 (discussing the root), the conflicts arising from Confucianists’ rejection of Buddhism were focused on one point, namely, the examination of zhongxin suo shou 中心所守 (something kept in mind). The attitude towards the distinction between mind and trace, and the proper approach to erase the gap between emptiness and being, as well as that between the expedient and the true, became the major concerns unavoidable for various thinkers to integrate the two teachings and to propel academic development. “To understand by mind” and “to blame for matter” were of crucial methodological significance for transcendence in both Confucianism and Buddhism. The arguments of Confucian scholars like Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers on the identity of mind and trace and the unity of void and solid are mutually manifested. The same mind with the same principle means “mind is principle.” The “common axis of Confucianism and Buddhism” exists in the emphasis on mind beyond trace. The unification of mind and trace or the accordance of body and function has actually become the cardinal foundation for the possible mergence of the Three Teachings.