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171.
关于学习环模式的研究综述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
学习环模式是一种有效的科学学习与教学模式。西方科学教育工作者对此做了大量研究,取得了丰硕成果。本文综述了学习环模式的理论基础、基本结构与发展。这一模式对于我国当前中小学科学课程设计和探究性学习的开展有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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基于"物理符号系统假设"的传统人工智能采信了低阶结构不连续的思想,将概念化与概念的语义基础分离,把对思维过程的模拟看作是能用形式化方法来实现的。但事实证明,这种后验性方法存在理论和实现上的双重危机,要完成有实际意义的、有创新性的智能行为丰富的语义是必需的,这使语义问题成为人工智能不同应用分支中的焦点,它包括语义获取、表达和使用三个方面。而要实现对语义问题的认识和解决就必须把它和其它智能行为作为一个连续的、相关的、不可分割的认知结构进行完整地考察,以系统的观点来看待智能模型的构造问题。这个认知结构统一性的基石就是基于神经生理基础的、以知觉的心理生理学解释为依据的、对语义的直接表达,这为统一以神经系统动力学为模型的其它各种智能行为提供了基础。 相似文献
175.
心理契约破坏研究现状与展望 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
心理契约破坏(psychologicalcontractbreach)是雇员对于组织未能充分履行心理契约中承诺责任的主观感知。文章阐述了心理契约破坏的概念界定、它产生的主要原因及其后果,以及相关的跨文化研究,并重点介绍了心理契约破坏对员工工作态度和行为产生影响过程中的相关权变因素(中介变量和缓冲变量)。在此基础上进一步提出未来研究应着重以下几方面:(1)心理契约破坏的心理机制及干预措施研究;(2)跨文化比较研究;(3)个体间差异的研究;(4)研究方法的改进 相似文献
176.
Yanchun Xing Wenqing Ma Ningzhong Shi Yuan Wang 《The Japanese psychological research》2014,56(3):243-253
In this paper, we develop a latent processing ability model to analyze the speed of processing ability data. Our approach can not only effectively evaluate the effects of covariates on the latent processing ability, but also estimate the latent trait of each child by calculating its posterior mean. In addition, we derive the correlations structure of latent traits among different age groups. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed model. The results indicated that the estimation of model parameters is satisfactory overall. The method is evaluated using real data from children aged 4–7 years in Changchun, China. 相似文献
177.
Moderation analysis is widely used in social and behavioral research. The most commonly used model for moderation analysis is moderated multiple regression (MMR) in which the explanatory variables of the regression model include product terms, and the model is typically estimated by least squares (LS). This paper argues for a two-level regression model in which the regression coefficients of a criterion variable on predictors are further regressed on moderator variables. An algorithm for estimating the parameters of the two-level model by normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (NML) is developed. Formulas for the standard errors (SEs) of the parameter estimates are provided and studied. Results indicate that, when heteroscedasticity exists, NML with the two-level model gives more efficient and more accurate parameter estimates than the LS analysis of the MMR model. When error variances are homoscedastic, NML with the two-level model leads to essentially the same results as LS with the MMR model. Most importantly, the two-level regression model permits estimating the percentage of variance of each regression coefficient that is due to moderator variables. When applied to data from General Social Surveys 1991, NML with the two-level model identified a significant moderation effect of race on the regression of job prestige on years of education while LS with the MMR model did not. An R package is also developed and documented to facilitate the application of the two-level model. 相似文献
178.
Peter Jen Der Pan Liang-Yu F. Deng S.L. Tsai Ho-Yuan J. Chen Sheng-Shiou Jenny Yuan 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2014,42(1):99-114
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Christian-based Grief Recovery Scale (CGRS) which was used to measure Christians recovering from grief after a significant loss. Taiwanese Christian participants were recruited from churches and a comprehensive university in northern Taiwan. They were affected by both the Christian faith and Chinese cultural beliefs. The CGRS is developed through replicated factor analyses in three stages. The final version of the CGRS retains 35 Likert-type items and consists of six factors: spiritual well-being; recovering meaning and sense of control; ongoing physical and emotional responses; reassuring faith; strongly missing a deceased loved one; and life disturbance. The evidence for CGRS reliability and validity is highlighted. Implications for research and counselling practice are suggested. 相似文献
179.
This study investigated the relationship between social support and symptoms of posttraumatic stress among adolescents who were exposed to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The results showed that three sources of social support—support from family, support from friends, and support from significant others—have significant main effects on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Buffering effects of social support were not supported. Gender and residency were also associated with PTSD, with female adolescents and adolescents from rural areas demonstrating higher levels of PTSD than their male counterparts and adolescents from urban and township areas. 相似文献
180.
Chuanjun Li Rui Guo Zhaojing Yuan Weidong Xuan Zhongming Ren Yunbo Zhong 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2015,95(1):37-43
The nucleation undercoolings of non-magnetic metals like paramagnetic aluminium in high magnetic fields were measured by the differential thermal analysis technique. It was shown that the nucleation undercooling of pure aluminium increased with increasing the magnetic field, while its melting temperature was hardly changed. Based on the model of magnetic dipoles at the interface, it is proposed that the magnetic-field-induced interfacial energy mainly contributes to the increase in undercooling. The change in undercooling in the magnetic field is calculated theoretically, which is in comparison with experimental data. Additionally, the inhibition of atom diffusion in the magnetic field plays a role in the change of undercooling. 相似文献