道德情绪:探寻道德与创造力关系的新视角

先前有关道德与创造力的关系研究多关注道德的认知与行为差异对创造力产生的影响, 但研究结果却存在较大的分歧。为此, 研究从道德情绪的视角, 对二者的关系进行了系统地梳理, 发现道德情绪存在: 以情绪效价调节创造性认知; 激发道德动机, 中介人格与创造力的关系; 引发自我觉察, 促进顿悟与创造性成就的产生; 提升心理资本, 影响不同创造力特性的表达等, 多种影响个体创造力的路径。这表明, 与道德认知和行为相比, 道德情绪不仅能更加全面准确地体现出个体实际的道德活动、促进符合道德标准的创造力产生; 还为人们解释道德与创造力的关系提供了多样的路径与可能。未来需继续加深对道德情绪及其内在机制的理解、通过系统性地选取创造性任务, 明确道德情绪、道德与创造力之间的关系, 寻找道德培养与创造力激发的新模式。     

个体近似数量系统与其数学能力之间的关系：发展研究的证据

近似数量系统在个体数学能力的发展中起着重要的作用, 二者之间的关系受到年龄因素的影响。主要表现为, 随着年龄的增长, 相关程度逐渐减弱, 二者之间关系的作用机制可能由基数知识中介转变为多种中介变量的共同作用。未来可采用更严格的实验设计和多种研究方法考察各年龄段儿童近似数量系统与不同数学能力之间关系的发展趋势、因果方向、关键转折点和潜在机制, 以更好地理解近似数量系统在个体数学能力发展中所起的作用。     

工作对家庭的增益与中小学教师的工作满意度:职业认同的中介作用及其性别差异

探究工作对家庭的增益影响中小学教师工作满意度的过程机制。采用纵向设计对760名中小学教师进行问卷调查,时间点1测查人口学变量和工作对家庭的增益,时间点2测查职业认同和工作满意度。结果发现:(1)工作对家庭的增益能够显著正向预测工作满意度;(2)职业认同在工作对家庭的增益与工作满意度的关系中起部分中介作用;(3)性别对此中介过程的前半段路径具有调节作用,表现为男教师的工作对家庭的增益对职业认同的预测效力更高。结果表明:工作对家庭的增益显著影响中小学教师的工作满意度,职业认同在此影响过程中具有中介作用,且这一中介作用存在性别差异。     

孤独让我爱上你:产品陈列对孤独个体产品偏好的影响

研究通过3组实验分析产品陈列方式对孤独个体产品偏好的影响。实验1发现产品合并陈列时,孤独个体偏爱普通产品;产品单独陈列时,孤独个体更喜欢拟人化产品。实验2采用产品的功能关系代替陈列方式,进一步验证主效应。实验3分析广告信息类别对主效应的调节作用。本文为企业合理地使用拟人化策略提供建议。     

Quality of Life and Recycling Behaviour in High-Rise Buildings: A Case in Hong Kong

Many researchers, environmentalists and economists have made tremendous efforts to enable polices and measures for waste recycling, to improve the quality of the public living environment and to achieve a better quality of everyday life. This study examined the quality of life (QOL) in high-rise buildings in relation to sustainability. It investigated household recycling behaviour and explored the QOL factors that affect such behaviour. Two models based on different types of recycling behaviour were estimated: 1) a model for the use of public recycling facilities (UPRF) and 2) a model for the use of private recycling sectors (UPRS). Data were collected through a survey of 505 residents in two old districts of Hong Kong. The assessment of QOL included consideration for the physical settings, the socio-demographic variables and the respondents’ attitudes on recycling and living environments. The research methods involved questionnaires and interviews. Correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to interpret the data collected through the questionnaires. The findings indicated that UPRF can be significantly predicted by physical settings and by satisfaction with the location of facilities, with the residents’ participation and with the quality of the neighbourhood and accommodation. UPRS can be significantly predicted by housing type, income and the availability of private recycling sectors. These findings also indicate some directions for researchers and policymakers to consider. These directions concern how environments and public facilities should be designed to encourage sustainable behaviour and enable a better QOL without compromising environmental sustainability.     

机器学习在抑郁症领域的应用

抑郁症患者疾病意识的不足以及早期筛查方法的缺乏导致患者在被诊断时大多已发展至重性抑郁障碍。为改善现状, 近年来机器学习被逐渐应用到抑郁症的早期预测、早期识别、辅助诊断和治疗决策中。在应用中, 机器学习模型准确性的影响因素包括样本集种类及规模、特征工程、算法类型等。建议未来将机器学习进一步融入医疗健康系统及移动应用程序等, 不断优化机器学习模型, 通过充分挖掘患者健康数据来改善抑郁症的预防、识别、诊断和治疗等相关问题。     

从社会文化的视角看健康与教育的阶层差异

如何缩小健康和教育的阶层差异, 促进社会公平是世界各国普遍关心的社会问题。已有的社会阶层心理研究取向中, 社会文化视角从不同阶层的文化所塑造的不同自我出发, 提出了解释社会阶层生产和再生产的文化循环理论和提升低阶层社会适应水平的差异教育方法, 这些理论观点为教育与健康的阶层差异提供了超越个体或环境任何单一因素的系统解释, 并提供了着眼于社会心理重塑的干预方案以减少健康和教育的不平等。未来社会文化视角的研究和实践工作的可能方向包括理论和干预实践的中国化, 与其他社会阶层理论和社会公正视角相结合, 以及考察社会流动与文化变迁背景的影响。     

词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响：眼动证据

英文阅读研究发现词长对眼跳目标选择有重要影响,阅读等词长的句子时,长词的偏好眼跳长度比短词更长。但是中文文本没有词间空格,读者难以从副中央凹获取词长信息,所以基于英文阅读得出的结果是否适用于中文阅读尚不清楚。本研究采用等词长句子阅读范式,使用全部由单字词或双字词组成的句子或由各种词长的词汇组成的混合句作为实验材料,考察词长对中文阅读眼跳目标选择的影响。结果发现,中文阅读中的眼跳长度会随词长变化而变化,双字词句的眼跳入长度和眼跳出长度均显著长于单字词句,支持了基于词中心的眼跳长度假设;同时,实验也发现混合句中的双字词的眼跳长度和双字词句中双字词的眼跳长度没有显著差异,支持了基于加工情况的眼跳目标选择策略;综合二者,说明中文阅读中,读者眼跳目标选择可能建立在副中央凹对词长信息加工的基础之上。     

Look-ahead content balancing method in variable-length computerized classification testing

Content balancing is one of the most important issues in computerized classification testing. To adapt to variable-length forms, special treatments are needed to successfully control content constraints without knowledge of test length during the test. To this end, we propose the notions of ‘look-ahead’ and ‘step size’ to adaptively control content constraints in each item selection step. The step size gives a prediction of the number of items to be selected at the current stage, that is, how far we will look ahead. Two look-ahead content balancing (LA-CB) methods, one with a constant step size and another with an adaptive step size, are proposed as feasible solutions to balancing content areas in variable-length computerized classification testing. The proposed LA-CB methods are compared with conventional item selection methods in variable-length tests and are examined with different classification methods. Simulation results show that, integrated with heuristic item selection methods, the proposed LA-CB methods result in fewer constraint violations and can maintain higher classification accuracy. In addition, the LA-CB method with an adaptive step size outperforms that with a constant step size in content management. Furthermore, the LA-CB methods generate higher test efficiency while using the sequential probability ratio test classification method.     

论脑内信息加工的模式转变

根据认知过程的实验事实 ,讨论脑内信息加工模式的转变过程 ,提出脑内信息加工模式两类转变的理论 ,即模式转变可分为短时程模式转变和长时程模式转变两类 ,它们具有不同的机制