人类意識的起源和发展

人类意識的起源和发展問題在現代科学中占有重要的地位,哲学的基本問題是意識对存在的关系問題,它如何解决,是唯物主义和唯心主义的根本分界綫。唯物主义者认为物貭是第一性的;意識是第二性的,是物貭长期发展的結果,是派生的。因此,研究人类意識的起源和发展,对馬克思主义哲学是有着重大意义的。 人类意識的起源和发展問題,是心理学的基本理論,它涉及到广泛的科学领域,只有在馬克思主义指导下,心理学联合人类学、考古学、語言学、历史学以及其它許多学科,进行綜合性的研究才能得到解决。现代科学对于这个問題已经积累了相当重要的資料和科学論据。     

16—25岁青年人純音听觉阈限的測定 1.仿真耳等价曲綫

<正> 純音的听觉阈限是一切与听觉有关的研究工作的基本数据之一,对于通訊器材的設計、医用測听器的校准和聋症的診断等也具有很大的实用价值。 美国早先的Sivian & White,Steinberg等近年的Harris,Glorig等,和Corso,苏联的等,英国的Dadson等,Wheeler等,法国的Chavasse等,都进     

闪光融合频率在紧张作业工人中的初步应用

所谓闪光融合频率,是指实验者利用仪器的调频装置。将仪器产生的闪光调节到被试分辨不出闪光,只戚觉看到的光呈一片融合的连续光时的频率,此频率卽称为闪光融合频率,又称为临界融合频率。 远在一百年前,塔尔伯特(E. B. Talbot)及伯拉图(J. Flateau)(1834年)卽研究了闪光融合频率的性质。后来一些学者不断把它用于临床医学。近年来,不少学者利用闪     

CHINESE VALUE SYSTEM AND MANAGERIAL BEHAVIOUR*

This is a paper which reviews and discusses the implications of Chinese value systems for managerial behaviour in Taiwan. With a central assumption that managerial behaviour and styles are largely shaped by the values and normative systems of senior members of corporate management, a study of 43 industrial firms in Taiwan investigating their organisational structure and the managerial assumptions, values and other socio-demographical features of their senior managers was conducted. The results of the research lead to the construction of a typology of four managerial patterns in Taiwan today, viz. the ‘grass-roots’ type, the ‘Mainlander’ type, the ‘specialist’ type and the ‘transitional’ type. While the ‘transitional’ type is more or less by definition ‘transient’, a tendency is postulated by the authors for both the ‘grass-roots’ and ‘Mainlander’ types to move gradually to converge with the ‘specialist’ type which will become increasingly widespread in Taiwan.     

父母低头行为对儿童青少年心理发展的影响

父母低头行为是指父母照顾或与孩子交流时,过分关注与使用手机而忽视孩子的行为。梳理相关研究发现,父母低头行为会对孩子产生多种不良影响,如,降低亲子关系交流质量、增加意外伤害风险、损伤人际交往能力、导致问题行为增多。现有研究采用取代假说、多任务操作理论以及依恋理论对影响过程进行解释。未来研究的关键在于邻近概念的区分、测量方式和研究方法的改进、探讨儿童对父母手机使用行为的看法以及移动设备对亲子互动可能的积极影响。     

初中生友谊质量与孤独感的变化轨迹:一项多元潜变量增长模型分析

为考察初中生友谊质量与孤独感的变化轨迹及两者间的关系,采用关系网络问卷、孤独感量表对西安市的875名初中生（M=12.73±0.18;男生494名）进行三年追踪测量,使用多元潜变量增长模型进行分析。结果发现：（1）初中三年,中学生的友谊质量逐渐提高,孤独感水平逐渐下降;（2）初一时的友谊质量和孤独感水平存在显著的个体差异,初中三年期间二者的发展速度也存在个体差异;（3）初一时的友谊质量可显著预测初一时的孤独感水平（β=-1.77,p<0.001）及随后的发展速度（β=0.20,p<0.05）;（4）男生的孤独感水平初始值高于女生,友谊质量的初始值则低于女生;高SES个体孤独感的起始值高于低SES个体。本研究结果揭示了初中三年期间个体友谊质量与孤独感的动态变化关系及友谊质量对孤独感的预测作用,对改善青少年孤独感的现状有一定的现实指导意义。     

Spread of Risk Information Through Microblogs: Twitter Users with More Mutual Connections Relay News That is More Dreadful1

In elucidating the spread of risk information through microblogging, it is important to understand the behaviors of numerous average users, in addition to the activities of authorities. We followed the transmission pathways of 10 actual widely spread tweets concerning several risk information topics, including natural disasters, nuclear disasters, and infectious diseases, and we identified the types of risk that affected retweeting by classifying each tweet based on Slovic's risk-perception model. Furthermore, we examined the types of users who did and did not retweet the information. Users with few connections in the form of followers (i.e., people who are following a user) or followees (people a user is following), or with a low ratio of mutual followers within their connections, had a tendency to retweet a large amount of risk information, regardless of the type of risk involved. On the other hand, users with a high ratio of mutual followers exhibited a greater tendency to retweet risk information when it was perceived as dreadful, though they did not retweet risk information much on the whole. These results suggest that there are two mechanisms by which risk information is spread within the Twitter network: information exchange and social sharing of personal reactions.