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941.
942.
This exploratory study was an in-depth examination of Mexican American adolescents' relationships with nonparental adults. Qualitative interviews with 10 Mexican American adolescents revealed 23 nonparental adults who served a mentoring function in their lives. Six of these nonparental adults were also interviewed. Data analyses were conducted using a grounded theory approach so that the relationships were described in participants' words and experiences. The nonparental adults identified by adolescents included siblings, extended family members, older peers, and institutional figures. The support provided took many different forms, from emotional to informational/experiential support, to modeling behavior, for example. Further, adolescents were supported in eight different areas of their lives. Participants also discussed the perceived benefits of these relationships for adolescents. Future research directions and implications for youth programming are discussed. 相似文献
943.
The strengths and limitations of three main theoretical approaches to social control and stigmatization are discussed, originating from social psychology, sociology and anthropology, and evolutionary psychology, respectively. A theoretical model is proposed that integrates universal (evolutionary derived) psychological aspects of social control and the great variation that can be observed in responding to deviance within and between cultures and historical periods. Practical implications of the model are discussed. 相似文献
944.
945.
946.
In these studies, the correlates of spontaneously using expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal during stressful speeches were examined. Spontaneous emotion regulation means that there were no instructions of how to regulate emotions during the speech. Instead, participants indicated after the speech to what extent they used self-motivated expressive suppression or reappraisal during the task. The results show that suppression is associated with less anxiety expression, greater physiological responding, and less memory for the speech while having no impact on negative affect. In contrast, reappraisal has no impact on physiology and memory while leading to less expression and affect. Taken together, spontaneous emotion regulation in active coping tasks has similar consequences as experimentally induced emotion regulation in passive tasks. 相似文献
947.
Drawing on recent claims in the study of relationships, attachment, and emotion, the authors hypothesized that romantic love serves a commitment-related function and sexual desire a reproduction-related function. Consistent with these claims, in Study 1, brief experiences of romantic love and sexual desire observed in a 3-min interaction between romantic partners were related to distinct feeling states, distinct nonverbal displays, and commitment- and reproductive-related relationship outcomes, respectively. In Study 2, the nonverbal display of romantic love was related to the release of oxytocin. Discussion focuses on the place of romantic love and sexual desire in the literature on emotion. 相似文献
948.
The goal of this study was to assess the impact of modality of production of think-aloud protocols on reading strategies.
Readers in two studies spoke or typed protocols for narrative or science texts and completed comprehension tests for each
text. Human judges identified the presence of paraphrasing, bridging inferences, and elaborating within the protocols. Reading
comprehension skill was assessed with the Nelson-Denny test. With respect to narrative texts, paraphrasing and bridging were
less frequent when readers were typing than when they were thinking aloud. With respect to science texts, less-skilled readers
made bridging inferences more frequently when typing than when speaking. Conversely, skilled readers generated more paraphrases
than bridges when typing thoughts but not when speaking. These results have implications for computer-based tools for reading
assessment and intervention. 相似文献
949.
To take advantage of the increasing number of in-vehicle devices, automobile drivers must divide their attention between primary
(driving) and secondary (operating in-vehicle device) tasks. In dynamic environments such as driving, however, it is not easy
to identify and quantify how a driver focuses on the various tasks he/she is simultaneously engaged in, including the distracting
tasks. Measures derived from the driver’s scan path have been used as correlates of driver attention. This article presents
a methodology for analyzing eye positions, which are discrete samples of a subject’s scan path, in order to categorize driver
eye movements. Previous methods of analyzing eye positions recorded in a dynamic environment have relied completely on the
manual identification of the focus of visual attention from a point of regard superimposed on a video of a recorded scene,
failing to utilize information regarding movement structure in the raw recorded eye positions. Although effective, these methods
are too time consuming to be easily used when the large data sets that would be required to identify subtle differences between
drivers, under different road conditions, and with different levels of distraction are processed. The aim of the methods presented
in this article are to extend the degree of automation in the processing of eye movement data by proposing a methodology for
eye movement analysis that extends automated fixation identification to include smooth and saccadic movements. By identifying
eye movements in the recorded eye positions, a method of reducing the analysis of scene video to a finite search space is
presented. The implementation of a software tool for the eye movement analysis is described, including an example from an
on-road test-driving sample. 相似文献
950.
The movements of newborns have been thoroughly studied in terms of reflexes, muscle synergies, leg coordination, and target-directed
arm/hand movements. Since these approaches have concentrated mainly on separate accomplishments, there has remained a clear
need for more integrated investigations. Here, we report an inquiry in which we explicitly concentrated on taking such a perspective
and, additionally, were guided by the methodological concept of home base behavior, which Ilan Golani developed for studies
of exploratory behavior in animals. Methods from nonlinear dynamics, such as symbolic dynamics and recurrence plot analyses
of kinematic data received from audiovisual newborn recordings, yielded new insights into the spatial and temporal organization
of limb movements. In the framework of home base behavior, our approach uncovered a novel reference system of spontaneous
newborn movements. 相似文献