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871.
Emil F. Heermann 《Psychometrika》1963,28(2):161-172
The defects of the least-squares or multiple-regression equation approach to estimating orthogonal factors are discussed and transformations of the beta weights are derived which remove these defects with minimum loss in correlations between estimators and true factor scores.The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect official Department of the Army policy. 相似文献
872.
Certain doses of pentobarbital consistently increased the rate of pecking engendered by a fixed-ratio schedule of 30 responses in a group of 13 pigeons, and still higher doses produced decrements in rate of responding. For individual subjects, the dose-effect functions were qualitatively similar, but differed with respect to the doses producing the maximum increase and subsequent decrease in rate. In general, the maximum occurred at lower doses and the decrement was greater at the highest dose in the birds with the highest control rates. It was also possible to distinguish between the effects of pentobarbital and several other drugs on the behavior maintained by FR 30. The results indicate that changes in rate of responding on FR 30 after drug administration are dose-dependent, drug-specific effects. 相似文献
873.
The effects of unavoidable shocks on a multiple schedule having an avoidance component 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
Marcus B. Waller Patricia F. Waller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1963,6(1):29-37
Two dogs were maintained on a multiple schedule having both a food reinforced and an avoidance component (Mult VI 1′ SΔ AvoidSS20 RS20 SΔ). The effects of superimposing an Estes-Skinner procedure for delivering unavoidable shocks on all components of the multiple schedule were observed. The buzzer-shock pairing of the Estes-Skinner procedure produced an increased rate of responding on the avoidance component of the schedule and also on the SΔ components. No persistent change in rate was observed on the food component during the pre-shock stimulus. Control performances on all components could be regained by either extinguishing or eliminating the buzzer-shock pairing. Extinction of the avoidance responding had little effect on the increased rates of responding produced by the Estes-Skinner procedure on the SΔ and avoidance extinction components and did not lead to a conditioned suppression of the food reinforced responding. Rate of responding during the pre-shock stimulus was observed to be relatively independent of changes in the maintaining schedules. Responding during the pre-shock stimulus could be conditioned and maintained after an extensive history of avoidance extinction. 相似文献
874.
N. F. Dixon 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1963,15(1):67-70
A system is described for signalling, recording and analysing continuous changes in up to four dimensions applicable to the visual after-image and other phenomena. Some advantages of the method are discussed. 相似文献
875.
Generalization of auditory intensity as a function of small amounts of discrimination training 下载免费PDF全文
Rosemary Pierrel J. Gilmour Sherman Marian W. Fischman 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1963,6(4):545-548
Rats were trained on a two-valued auditory-intensity discrimination for 5, 2, 1 or 0 days. Then, the bar-press response rate was sampled in the presence of seven added discrimination stimuli (generalization) for seven days. Daily training sessions were 4 hr in length throughout the experiment. Only the five-day group exhibited a marked superiority on the multi-valued discrimination when contrasted with the group having had no prior simple discrimination training. 相似文献
876.
877.
Of 23 pigeons, 11 received continuous reinforcement for key pecking, and 12 received an FR 10 schedule of reinforcement. The birds were then tested without food, but with potential conditioned reinforcers presented either on the same schedule as in training, on the other schedule, or not at all. Each bird in the subgroup trained on CRF and tested with Sr's at FR 10 not only gave more responses in testing than did each bird in both subgroups receiving no Sr's, but also gave more responses than did each bird in the Sr subgroup receiving CRF training and Sr's at CRF. Cumulative records are presented to show the effects of different schedules of conditioned reinforcers. 相似文献
878.
In the simulation of human behavior on a digital computer, one first attempts to discover the manner in which subjects (Ss) internally represent the environment and the rules that they employ for acting upon this representation. The interaction between the rules and the environmental representation over a period of time constitutes a set of processes. Processes can be expressed as flow charts which, in turn, are stated formally in terms of a computer program. The program serves as a theory which is tested by executing the program on a computer and comparing the machine's performance with S's behavior. 相似文献
879.
880.