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911.
912.
Memory & Cognition - In two experiments, children were shown a series of pictures of common objects and were asked to free recall which pictured objects had been presented. Some pictures were... 相似文献
913.
914.
Patrick C. L. Heaven 《Personality and individual differences》1984,5(6):741-742
Previous research among university students has identified four classes of assertive behavior, namely, Directiveness, Social Assertiveness, Defense of One's Rights and Interests and Independence. Scores on the Lorr and More (1980) Assertiveness Inventory, obtained from a general population sample, were subjected to Varimax rotatio. Results revealed only three classes of assertiveness. It is argued that Directiveness may be inferred from various forms of assertiveness, rather than being a separate and distinct class of assertive behavior. 相似文献
915.
C. Gosselin 《Personality and individual differences》1984,5(3):365-369
Personality and attitude measurements were carried out on 204 adult males suffering from hair loss. Three groups were tested: those in the first group had had a hair weave fitted and were retaining the weave as a viable solution to their hair problem; the second had worn the weave for a trial period but had decided against its continued use; the third had had no form of treatment and seemed little concerned about their hair loss. Results showed that all three groups possessed N and P scores which were significantly higher than those shown by a normative group of males in the same age range, but that the weave-retaining group scored significantly lower on E than the normative group: other personality differences were non-significant. The group who had rejected the hair-weave treatment as a viable solution to their hair-loss problem was significantly more neurotic and possessed a significantly lower self-esteem than the group that retained the weave: this latter group had scores on these and all other variables tested which were very similar to those of the group that had had no treatment. 相似文献
916.
Rhonda P. Ross Toni Campbell John C. Wright Aletha C. Huston Mabel L. Rice Peter Turk 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1984,5(3):185-202
Two studies tested the effects of TV ads with celebrity endorsement on the product preference and understanding of 8- to 14-year-old boys. Study 1 compared two ads for a model racer. One had celebrity endorsement (by a famous race driver) and footage of real automobile racing featuring the celebrity (live action); the second had neither feature. Study 2 employed one ad for a different brand of model racer edited to generate a 2 (endorser presence) by 2 (inclusion of live racetrack action) factorial design. A total of 415 boys were exposed to one of the experimental ads or a control ad, embedded in a new animated children's adventure program. Preference for the advertised brand of model racer (pre- and postviewing) and a number of cognitive variables were assessed. Exposure to endorsement led to increased preference for the toy and belief that the celebrity was expert about the toy. Live action led to exaggerated estimates of the physical properties of the toy and the belief that the ad was not staged. The 8- to 10-year-olds associated the glamour of the endorser with the toy and were more reliant on his advice than were 11- to 14-year-olds. However, the two age groups were not differentially affected by the ads. Contrary to the speculation of many researchers, understanding about advertising intent and techniques and cynicism about ads had almost no influence on product preference after viewing. 相似文献
917.
The Yule-Oseretsky test of motor performance was administered to 10 ‘undifferentiated’ mentally-retarded adults, 10 normal children and 10 normal adults. In accordance with Denny's (1964) 3-group design, the children were matched on mental age with the retardates, the normal adults were matched on chronological age with the retardates, and the children and normal adults were matched on intelligence quotient. The results showed that mental age predicted performance on both fine and gross motor tasks, with the children and retarded adults both obtaining similar relatively-low scores. 相似文献
918.
M D Rabin W S Cain 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》1984,10(2):316-325
The investigation examined the association between the perceived identity of odorous stimuli and the ability to recognize the previous occurrence of them. The stimuli comprised 20 relatively familiar odorous objects such as chocolate, leather, popcorn, and soy sauce. Participants rated the familiarity of the odors and sought to identify them. At various intervals up to 7 days after initial inspection, the participants sought to recognize the odors among sets of distractor odors that included such items as soap, cloves, pipe tobacco, and so on. The recognition response entailed a confidence rating as to whether or not an item had appeared in the original set. At the time of testing, the participants also sought to identify the stimuli again. The results upheld previous findings of excellent initial recognition memory for environmentally relevant odors and slow forgetting. The results also uncovered, for the first time, a strong association between recognition memory and identifiability, rated familiarity, and the ability to use an odor label consistently at inspection and subsequent testing. Encodability seems to enhance rather than to permit recognizability. Even items identified incorrectly or inconsistently were recognized at levels above chance. 相似文献
919.
In order to investigate the development of movement speed in relation to movement organization, children of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 years of age and adults carried out a reciprocal tapping task, in which time pressure and distance were manipulated. The duration, velocity, acceleration and accuracy of the movements were compared between age groups. Age differences appeared mainly in the homing time, not in the duration of the distance covering movement phase. Accuracy and velocity of the distance covering movement phase differed with age. Time pressure affected the homing time, but not the duration of the distance covering phase. Distance manipulation affected mainly the velocity and duration of the distance covering movement phase and the homing time. In the discussion it is contended that age differences in homing time may be related to both the accuracy of the distance covering movement phase and the rate of information processing of the subject. 相似文献
920.
Bruce W Carlson 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1984,28(2):179-190
Coombs, Donnell, and Kirk (1978. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 497–512), in a study of risk preferences, collected data using both pick and reject response modes. Although the preference orders derived from the two response modes were identical, the pick data contained a greater number of inconsistencies than the reject data. In the present study, predictions were derived from unfolding theory (Coombs, 1964. A theory of data. New York: Wiley) regarding the relative consistency of pick and reject response modes. An experiment performed as a test of these predictions supported the unfolding model suggesting that differences in inconsistency between response modes could be attributed to the fineness of the grid of working midpoints imposed upon the choice process by the response mode. 相似文献