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131.
Dozent Dr. Lothar Kanthack Dr. Ursula Wegener 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1976,7(2):249-257
Der nichtdistributive, orthokomplementäre Verband der Projektionsoperatoren in der Quantenmechanik hat Anlaß zu mancherlei Interpretationen gegeben, so z. B. als eine von der klassischen Logik abweichende Quantenlogik, oder man deutete die Projektionsoperatoren als Eigenschaften von Mikroobjekten. Wir glauben, mit dieser Arbeit ein wesentliches Argument für die letztere Interpretation liefern zu können:Es ist nämlich möglich, in der Menge der Eigenschaftsbegriffe eine Ordnungs-relation einzuführen. Mit dieser Ordnungsrelation bildet einen nichtdistributiven, orthokomplementären Verband. D.h. bei einer solchen Interpretation werden keinerlei Veränderungen — weder im Verband der Aussagen noch im Verband der Eigenschaftsbegriffe — durch die Entdeckung der Quantenmechanik notwendig. 相似文献
132.
Dipl.-Psych. Ursula Mayr 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2005,21(1):58-67
Problems in the context of so-called “false memories” and their topological classification and recommendations for their therapeutic handling are discussed. False memories are defined as constructs, rooted in the “transitional space” and containing partial realities, added fantasies as well as fantasmic transformations of reality. They thus contain a message about the inner state of the patient and a demand to the therapist. Narcissistic monadic forms of false memories are different. These forms serve to support the patient’s narcissistic balance, for example memories of incest, which apparently never took place. Furthermore, phenomena of actively generated false memories are discussed, which mainly arose in the USA, where therapists specialised in recovering incest memories, created them by direct or indirect suggestions in their patients. In many cases then, archaic images occurred, for example memories of having been captured by aliens or about ritual abuse in a sect. The potential psychodynamic background is discussed. These exciting and fascinating scenes form a temptation for the therapist to leave the ground of reality together with the patient and thus give up therapeutic neutrality. 相似文献
133.
The nature of the representations maintained in verbal working memory is a topic of debate. Some authors argue for a modality-dependent code, tied to particular sensory or motor systems. Others argue for a modality-neutral code. Sign language affords a unique perspective because it factors out the effects of modality. In an fMRI experiment, deaf participants viewed and covertly rehearsed strings of non-sense signs; analyses focused on regions responsive in both sensory and rehearsal phases. Compared with previous findings in hearing subjects, deaf subjects showed a significantly increased involvement of parietal regions. A lesion case study indicates that this network is left-dominant. The findings support the hypothesis that linguistic working memory is supported by modality-specific neural systems, but some modality-neutral systems may also be involved. 相似文献
134.
Relative numerousness judgment and summation in young and old Western lowland gorillas 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Anderson US Stoinski TS Bloomsmith MA Marr MJ Smith AD Maple TL 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2005,119(3):285-295
The relationship between age, relative numerousness judgment, and summation was investigated in 11 Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Experiments 1 and 2 evaluated the gorillas' ability to select the larger of 2 food quantities before and with training. The majority of gorillas did not reliably select the larger quantity in Experiment 1 until receiving training to do so in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 evaluated their ability to select the larger of 2 pairs of quantities. All gorillas selected the larger pair more often than chance, and the old were less accurate and slower than were the young. For most gorillas, performance in relative numerousness judgment with training and summation was comparable with previous reports in chimpanzees and orangutans. 相似文献
135.
136.
Age and expertise effects on time-sharing performance were examined. Pilots were considered to have an expertise in time-sharing because of their cockpit experience. Ninety pilots and nonpilots performed a battery of cognitive tasks that represented different aspects of piloting. The results revealed that time-sharing performance was age sensitive. However, expertise appeared to have some moderating influence on the age effects. Further, analysis of the overlap of the response distributions from different age groups suggested that age alone was not a definitive discriminator of an individual's time-sharing skill. 相似文献
137.
138.
J. R. Vokey and J. D. Read (1985) indicated that listeners cannot consciously recognize backward messages but that some information can be obtained from reversed speech. If reverse speech has a powerful influence on language processing, as D. J. Oates (1991) has claimed, then one should be able to measure a reliable priming effect from reversed messages. Sixty undergraduate students listened to short messages presented either backward or forward. Immediately after listening to each message, they responded in a lexical decision task to a visually presented word that had either been present or had not been present in the preceding message. No priming effect was found for backward messages, although there was significant priming for forward messages. The results are not consistent with an effect of reverse speech on word processing. 相似文献
139.
Schmitz F Voss A 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2012,38(1):222-250
In four experiments, task-switching processes were investigated with variants of the alternating runs paradigm and the explicit cueing paradigm. The classical diffusion model for binary decisions (Ratcliff, 1978) was used to dissociate different components of task-switching costs. Findings can be reconciled with the view that task-switching processes take place in successive phases as postulated by multiple-components models of task switching (e.g., Mayr & Kliegl, 2003; Ruthruff, Remington, & Johnston, 2001). At an earlier phase, task-set reconfiguration (Rogers & Monsell, 1995) or cue-encoding (Schneider & Logan, 2005) takes place, at a later phase, the response is selected in accord with constraints set in the first phase. Inertia effects (Allport, Styles, & Hsieh, 1994; Allport & Wylie, 2000) were shown to affect this later stage. Additionally, findings support the notion that response caution contributes to both global as well as to local switching costs when task switches are predictable. 相似文献
140.
Hahn C Cowell JM Wiprzycka UJ Goldstein D Ralph M Hasher L Zelazo PD 《Developmental science》2012,15(3):408-416
To explore the influence of circadian rhythms on executive function during early adolescence, we administered a battery of executive function measures (including a Go-Nogo task, the Iowa Gambling Task, a Self-ordered Pointing task, and an Intra/Extradimensional Shift task) to Morning-preference and Evening-preference participants (N = 80) between the ages of 11 and 14 years who were tested in the morning or afternoon. Significant Chronotype × Time of Day interactions (controlling for amount of sleep the previous night) revealed that adolescents tested at their optimal times of day performed better than those tested at their nonoptimal times. Implications for our understanding of physiological arousal, sleep, and executive function during adolescence are discussed. 相似文献