羊水栓塞诊断的临床决策

临床决策已成为临床医学的重要内容,但目前仍被许多妇产科医师所忽视.通过阐述临床决策的概念及意义,分析了羊水栓塞诊断中应该注意的问题,探讨了如何建立科学的羊水栓塞诊断的临床决策.为了提高临床决策的效率和准确性,减少或避免各种失误,需要建立一套合理的临床思维方法和科学的处理程序,为羊水栓塞的治疗提供科学的决策方法.     

戒烟运动曲折发展的思考

肺癌的流行始于20世纪,目前已成为全球最常见的恶性肿瘤.戒烟是已知最有效的肺癌预防策略.一百年来,全球戒烟运动的发展是曲折前行的.历史经验揭示实现肺癌的预防与控制需要一个综合、有效的戒烟运动体系,应当是多层面、多角度的.体系的构建过程将生动地见证"大医学发展观"对人类重大疾病有效控制的深刻影响.     

中文阅读的副中央凹-中央凹效应:词n的语义透明度对词n-1加工的影响

研究探讨中文阅读中的副中央凹-中央凹效应.副中央凹-中央凹效应是指副中央凹处词的特性对中央凹处词汇加工的影响.实验以27名大学生为被试,采用句子阅读材料,考察词n的语义透明度特性对词n-1(高频、低频)加工的影响.结果表明,词n的语义透明度的高低对词n-1(高频、低频)的加工没有影响,没有出现副中央凹-中央凹效应.实验结果支持E-Z读者模型的假设.     

利多卡因凝胶在手术室麻醉诱导后留置尿管中的应用

分析手术室麻醉诱导后留置尿管产生尿路疼痛等不良反应的原因,探讨利多卡因凝胶在克服上述反应方面的作用及其他预防措施。采用方便取样将70例留置尿管的患者分为试验组和对照组,麻醉诱导后试验组在尿管上涂抹利多卡因凝胶（0．5ml／cm）后再按常规操作插管;对照组以石蜡油为润滑剂按常规操作留置尿管。比较两组患者心率、血压情况及躁动、疼痛评分。结果提示麻醉诱导后留置尿管可以有效减轻患者清醒状态下置管引起的尿路疼痛等问题,但不能避免患者苏醒期出现上述反应;使用利多卡因凝胶可有效预防患者苏醒期出现的尿路疼痛及其它不良反应,增加患者的舒适度。     

从肝脏移植手术治疗原发性肝癌的辩证思考

肝癌的手术治疗中肝切除和肝移植在适应证的选择、手术方式、围手术期的管理上有很大的不同,但在治疗目的、手术和解剖技术上又有共同之处。这种对立统一的关系对指导临床工作有重要意义。结合我国实际,用辩证的方法和发展的观点选择恰当的方法是手术治疗肝癌的关键。     

细菌耐药性的产生及预防对策

细菌耐药性的产生是当今医学界所普遍面临的严重问题,危害着人类的健康和生存.通过透析细菌耐药的根源和机制,使人们认清细菌耐药性问题的实质,为制定出合理使用抗菌药物的原则和预防细菌耐药性的措施提供一些理论依据.     

药物临床试验中民事责任探析

药物临床试验是由申办者、研究者和受试者共同参与的一项实验性医疗行为.申办者与研究者应当对受试者因试验引起的不良后果承担共同民事责任.其中,因研究者的过错造成的损害后果,申办者也要基于安全保障义务承担补充责任.补充责任的承担有利于受害人的顿害能得到及时完全的赔偿.     

How to make your own response boxes: A step-by-step guide for the construction of reliable and inexpensive parallel-port response pads from computer mice

Psychological research is based in large parts on response latencies, which are often registered by keypresses on a standard computer keyboard. Recording response latencies with a standard keyboard is problematic because keypresses are buffered within the keyboard hardware before they are signaled to the computer, adding error variance to the recorded latencies. This can be circumvented by using external response pads connected to the computer's parallel port. In this article, we describe how to build inexpensive, reliable, and easy-to-use response pads with six keys from two standard computer mice that can be connected to the PC's parallel port. We also address the problem of recording data from the parallel port with different software packages under Microsoft's Windows XP.     

Fast-dm: A free program for efficient diffusion model analysis

In the present article, a flexible and fast computer program, called fast-dm, for diffusion model data analysis is introduced. Fast-dm is free software that can be downloaded from the authors' websites. The program allows estimating all parameters of Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model from the empirical response time distributions of any binary classification task. Fast-dm is easy to use: it reads input data from simple text files, while program settings are specified by commands in a control file. With fast-dm, complex models can be fitted, where some parameters may vary between experimental conditions, while other parameters are constrained to be equal across conditions. Detailed directions for use of fast-dm are presented, as well as results from three short simulation studies exemplifying the utility of fast-dm.     

The aftermath of 9/11: effect of intensity and recency of trauma on outcome

Does trauma exposure have a long-term impact on the brain and behavior of healthy individuals? The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the impact of proximity to the disaster of September 11, 2001, on amygdala function in 22 healthy adults. More than three years after the terrorist attacks, bilateral amygdala activity in response to viewing fearful faces compared to calm ones was higher in people who were within 1.5 miles of the World Trade Center on 9/11, relative to those who were living more than 200 miles away (all were living in the New York metropolitan area at time of scan). This activity mediated the relationship between group status and current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. In turn, the effect of group status on both amygdala activation (fearful vs. calm faces) and current symptoms was statistically explained by time since worst trauma in lifetime and intensity of worst trauma, as indicated by reported symptoms at time of the trauma. These data are consistent with a model of heightened amygdala reactivity following high-intensity trauma exposure, with relatively slow recovery.