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21.
Johan J. Bolhuis G. J. de Vos J. P. Kruijt 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1990,42(3):313-329
Evidence is reviewed that is relevant to an interpretation of filial imprinting as a form of classical or Pavlovian conditioning. For such an interpretation it has to be assumed that the imprinting object provides both the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and the conditioned stimulus (CS). The difficulty for an experimental approach is that CS and UCS are always presented simultaneously and cannot be manipulated independently, making it virtually impossible to test phenomena such as latent inhibition and extinction. Existing evidence is consistent with a conditioning theory of imprinting, for instance with regard to the reversibility of filial preferences. Some hitherto unexplained findings can be accounted for in terms of overshadowing and blocking. Results of an experiment are discussed in which the occurrence of blocking was explicitly tested. The findings support an associative learning interpretation of imprinting, but further experiments are needed to be able to rule cut alternative explanations. 相似文献
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Olivier Desrichard Pieter Vos Martine Bouvard Ccile Dantzer Adeline Paignon 《Personality and individual differences》2008,44(8):1673-1683
In this study we examine the psychometric characteristics and the predictive validity of the AISS-17, the French version of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking. Two samples were used, one of which enabled us to carry out prospective monitoring over a period of six months. Our study provides data that support the validity of the AISS-17. This inventory includes the same two factors as the AISS (Novelty and Intensity). It has good concurrent and convergent validity, and its nomological network is comparable to that of the AISS and to the SSS of Zuckerman. However, our study confirms the low reliability of the AISS. We also showed that the AISS-17 has good predictive validity. We observed a significant cross-lagged effect of the AISS-17 at T1 on risk taking at T2, when controlled for age, gender and risk-taking at T1. 相似文献
24.
Ans De Vos Sara De Hauw Beatrice I.J.M. Van der Heijden 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2011,79(2):438-447
The present study aims to unravel the relationship between competency development, employability and career success. To do so, we tested a model wherein associations between employee participation in competency development initiatives, perceived support for competency development, self-perceived employability, and two indicators of subjective career success (i.e. career satisfaction and perceived marketability) have been specified. A survey was conducted among a sample of 561 employees of a large financial services organization. The results support the idea that employee participation in competency development initiatives as well as perceived support for competency development is positively associated with workers' perceptions of employability. Moreover, self-perceived employability appeared to be positively related with career satisfaction and perceived marketability. A full mediation effect was found for the relationship between participation in competency development initiatives and both career satisfaction and perceived marketability, while a partial mediation effect was found in case perceived support for competency development was the predictor variable. The implications of our findings for understanding the process through which individuals and organizations can affect subjective career success are discussed. 相似文献
25.
Joel Vos Mick Cooper Clara E. Hill Robert A. Neimeyer Kirk Schneider Paul T. Wong 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2019,32(1):48-62
What is meaningful in life? This is a question many individuals ask at least once in their lifetime. Many researchers have also asked this question, and a large body of literature seems to answer in theoretical and academic terms. But what is the meaning of meaning in clinical practice? That is, what is the role of meaning in psychotherapy, recovery, and positive mental health? And how could meaning in life be addressed in practices: What clinical competencies are needed? To answer these and other questions, a broad panel of researchers and practitioners met at the world conference of the International Network for Personal Meaning (INPM) in Toronto in July of 2016. A passionate debate followed, particularly on the question of the meaning of meaning in clinical practice. In this article, five panel members—Mick Cooper, Clara Hill, Robert Neimeyer, Kirk Schneider, and Paul Wong—elaborate their perspective on these two questions. At the end of the article, the moderator, Joel Vos summarizes, their differences and agreements, and suggests a pluralistic, multidimensional perspective on meaning for practitioners. Despite some fundamental differences, the authors report many similar perspectives on the meaning of meaning in clinical practice and on clinical competencies. This debate could be used as an example of how practitioners could also converse with their clients; the process of exploring the question, “What does meaning mean to you here and now, in our therapy room?” could be meaningful in itself. 相似文献
26.
About why there is a shift from cardinal to ordinal processing in the association with arithmetic between first and second grade 下载免费PDF全文
Digit comparison is strongly related to individual differences in children's arithmetic ability. Why this is the case, however, remains unclear to date. Therefore, we investigated the relative contribution of three possible cognitive mechanisms in first and second graders’ digit comparison performance: digit identification, digit–number word matching and digit ordering ability. Furthermore, we examined whether these components could account for the well‐established relation between digit comparison performance and arithmetic. As expected, all candidate predictors were related to digit comparison in both age groups. Moreover, in first graders, digit ordering and in second graders both digit identification and digit ordering explained unique variance in digit comparison performance. However, when entering these unique predictors of digit comparison into a mediation model with digit comparison as predictor and arithmetic as outcome, we observed that whereas in second graders digit ordering was a full mediator, in first graders this was not the case. For them, the reverse was true and digit comparison fully mediated the relation between digit ordering and arithmetic. These results suggest that between first and second grade, there is a shift in the predictive value for arithmetic from cardinal processing and procedural knowledge to ordinal processing and retrieving declarative knowledge from memory; a process which is possibly due to a change in arithmetic strategies at that age. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/dDB0IGi2Hf8 相似文献
27.
Ans De Vos Katleen De Stobbeleir Annelies Meganck 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(3):289-298
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate career-related antecedents of graduates’ anticipatory psychological contracts.
Design/Methodology/Approach A survey was filled out by a sample of 722 graduates addressing questions on career strategy, individual career management,
work importance, and beliefs about employer and employee obligations.
Findings Graduates with a high score on careerism, who are engaged in a high level of individual career management and with management
ambitions, reported a higher level of employer obligations and a higher level of employee obligations related to flexibility
and employability.
Implications This study adds to the literature by addressing the initial stage of psychological contract formation, taking place in the
anticipatory socialization stage. The obligations that are salient in graduates’ pre-employment beliefs are likely to affect
their psychological contracts after organizational entry. Moreover, depending on their career goals and other career-related
factors, graduates approach their future employment relationship with different beliefs about what they should contribute
and what they will receive in return. Employers may use these findings when working out recruitment strategies for young graduates.
They also provide input for actively managing the expectations of new hires.
Originality/Value Most studies on psychological contracts addressed the relationship between employees’ psychological contract evaluations and
subsequent attitudes and behaviors. Only recently scholars have started to address the topic of psychological contract formation.
This study adds to this line of research by addressing the pre-employment stage. It also adds to the literature by addressing
the relationship between career-related antecedents and psychological contracts. 相似文献
28.
This study employs a psychobiographical case study to describe and interpret the career development of Christiaan Neethling Barnard, who performed the first human heart transplant. It interprets Barnard's life history according to the career development model of Greenhaus, Callanan and Godshalk (2010), which proposes the following four stages: occupational and organisational choice, early, middle, and late career. Generally, Barnard's career progression matched the stages proposed by Greenhaus et al. (2010). Exceptions were noted that relate to the first and fourth stages: Barnard experienced an extended occupational and organisational choice stage, while he showed no signs of career disengagement during the late career stage. The study confirmed the usefulness of the career development model of Greenhaus et al. within the psychobiographical research tradition. 相似文献
29.
In this study, insight is given into the temporal nature of psychological contract‐related information seeking during organizational entry, by examining how the frequency of information seeking changes across the first year of employment for a sample of 280 newcomers. We examined the pattern of changes in the frequency of information seeking from four sources (supervisor, co‐workers, mentors, and other newcomers) and about two content dimensions of the psychological contract (organizational inducements and employee contributions). We also investigated if information‐seeking behaviours were related to the evaluation of the psychological contract and whether these relationships changed over time. The data were analysed using Latent Growth Modelling. The results indicated that information seeking about the psychological contract decreases significantly over the first year of employment, with the exception of information seeking from supervisors, indicating that for different targets of information different information seeking patterns exist. Employees seek more information on organizational inducements than on employee contributions. We found a positive association between information seeking during the initial weeks after entry and evaluations of psychological contract fulfilment after 3 months, but changes in information seeking after this initial period were not associated with changes in psychological contract fulfilment. Finally, we found that younger newcomers engaged more frequently in information seeking from co‐workers and other new hires compared to older newcomers. Implications for theories on psychological contract formation and future research are discussed. 相似文献
30.