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111.
In an alloy that is strengthened by long-range-ordered particles, a matrix dislocation generates an antiphase boundary (APB) when it cuts through such a particle. The specific energy n APB of this APB has been measured for two fcc alloys with spherical coherent L12 ordered particles: an Al-7.5at.%Li-alloy and the commercial Ni-base superalloy Nimonic PE16. Peak-aged specimens have been deformed and Orowan loops searched for using transmission electron microscopy. n APB has been derived from the radii of the smallest dislocation loops which have been left behind around particles. Such an approach had been used previously, for example, by Raynor and Silcock and by Nembach et al . Here an improved evaluation method has been applied; it is based on the results of computer simulations of the equilibrium configurations of dislocation loops. 相似文献
112.
113.
Christopher Lopata Jennifer A. Toomey Jeffery D. Fox Martin A. Volker Sabrina Y. Chow Marcus L. Thomeer Gloria K. Lee Jonathan D. Rodgers Christin A. McDonald Audrey M. Smerbeck 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):765-776
The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine symptom levels of anxiety and depression in children with high-functioning autism
spectrum disorders (HFASDs) compared with matched control children using child self-reports and parent ratings; and (2) examine
source differences within the two condition groups. An overall multivariate effect indicated significantly elevated depression
and anxiety symptoms for children with HFASDs based on parent reports; however no significant between-group differences based
on child self-reports. Within-condition source comparisons (parent vs. child) revealed a significant multivariate effect indicating
a significant difference in symptoms of depression and anxiety for the HFASD group but none for the control. Correlations
between parent and child reports for the HFASD group suggested some positive association between child-reports and parent-reports
for depressive symptoms only; however, the difference in average scores reflected a substantial discrepancy in the magnitude
of symptoms by rater. Implications for clinical assessment and future research are provided. 相似文献
114.
In complex three-dimensional mental rotation tasks males have been reported to score up to one standard deviation higher than females. However, this effect size estimate could be compromised by the presence of gender bias at the item level, which calls the validity of purely quantitative performance comparisons into question. We hypothesized that the effect of gender bias at the level of distinct item design features could lead to either an over- or underestimation of reported effect sizes of the gender difference in three-dimensional mental rotation. Using automatic item generation we conducted a series of psychometric experiments in which we independently manipulated one out of four different item design features that have exhibited a gender bias in the previous studies (study 1). This was done in a between-subjects design. The results indicated that gender bias caused by item design features linked to the perceptual stadium of mental rotation led to an overestimation of the effect size of the gender difference while item design features associated with the encoding and transformational stadium resulted in an underestimation of the effect size of the gender difference. In study 2 we tested the hypothesis that the gender difference still remains while controlling for the item design features causing gender bias. The results suggest that a significant portion of the gender difference may be attributable to perceptual and encoding processes involved in mental rotation. 相似文献
115.
Prof. Dr. Dr. Wolfgang Schneider Daniela Becker Ralf Dohrenbusch Harald J. Freyberger Harald Gündel Peter Henningsen Sonja Kowalewsky Volker Köllner 《Psychotherapeut》2010,55(5):380-388
The article presents an operationalized and manualized approach for the assessment of the capability of performance. This manual has been conceptualized and tested empirically by a multicentric and interdisciplinary workgroup. It is basically oriented to the “International Classification of Functioning” (ICF; WHO), which is well accepted for assessing the course of chronic diseases and the consequences for the individual. It is especially widely applied in the context of rehabilitation. The different diagnostic levels of the manual and their operationalization are outlined. Furthermore, the first results concerning reliability, content validity, applicability and practicability are described and questions on the areas of application of the instrument are discussed. 相似文献
116.
Annette Hohlfeld Manuel Martín-Loeches Werner Sommer 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(2):42-55
The present study contributes to the discussion on the automaticity of semantic
processing. Whereas most previous research investigated semantic processing at
word level, the present study addressed semantic processing during sentence
reading. A dual task paradigm was combined with the recording of event-related
brain potentials. Previous research at word level processing reported different
patterns of interference with the N400 by additional tasks: attenuation of
amplitude or delay of latency. In the present study, we presented Spanish
sentences that were semantically correct or contained a semantic violation in a
critical word. At different intervals preceding the critical word a tone was
presented that required a high-priority choice response. At short intervals/high
temporal overlap between the tasks mean amplitude of the N400 was reduced
relative to long intervals/low temporal overlap, but there were no shifts of
peak latency. We propose that processing at sentence level exerts a protective
effect against the additional task. This is in accord with the attentional
sensitization model (Kiefer & Martens,
2010), which suggests that semantic processing is an automatic
process that can be enhanced by the currently activated task set. The present
experimental sentences also induced a P600, which is taken as an index of
integrative processing. Additional task effects are comparable to those in the
N400 time window and are briefly discussed. 相似文献
117.
118.
Stürmer B Leuthold H Soetens E Schröter H Sommer W 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2002,28(6):1345-1363
In 4 Simon experiments the authors examined control over 2 routes of sensorimotor processing: response priming in the unconditional route and response selection via the conditional route. The Simon effect diminished as the frequency of noncorresponding trials increased. Location-based response priming was observed only when the stimulus followed a corresponding event but not after a noncorresponding trial. Therefore, the unconditional route appears to be suppressed whenever the task context indicates priming as potentially disadvantageous. Moreover, the task-irrelevant stimulus location was used for response selection as a function of correspondence probability. Although exact repetitions of stimulus-response sequences caused a marked speed-up of responses, this 3rd mechanism is independent of unconditional route suppression and frequency-based adjustments in the conditional route. 相似文献
119.
Sonja Rohrmann Petra Netter Jürgen Hennig Volker Hodapp 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(3):321-329
Psychobiological responses to examination stress in repressors and sensitizers have rarely been investigated with respect to intraindividual response discrepancies. Furthermore, possible sex differences have rarely been taken into consideration. Therefore the present study investigated if repressors and sensitizers differ in their psychobiological responses to stress and if gender plays a modulating role. 30 and 29 students of both sexes selected from a total group of 96 students were classified as repressors or sensitizers each according to the repression-sensitization-coping-inventory (RSCI, Huwe et al.). State anxiety, heart rate, and cortisol in saliva served as indicators of stress. Sensitizers reported higher state anxiety and showed higher physiological stress responses than repressors. On the intraindividual level sensitizers reported high anxiety as compared to their low cortisol responses whereas repressors reported low anxiety as compared to their high cortisol increases. Gender had no modulating influence on stress responses in repressors and sensitizers. 相似文献
120.