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排序方式: 共有193条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Heike I. M. Mahler Shiloh E. Beckerley Michelle T. Vogel 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(2):118-127
Two experiments evaluated the effects of exposure to pictures of suntanned and untanned fashion models on attitudes regarding the importance of having a tan. In Experiment 1, 128 women were randomly assigned to view images of photographer's models that had been digitally altered to make it appear that the model either did or did not have a tan. Participants who viewed images of the models without a tan expressed significantly less positive attitudes toward tanning than did those who viewed the same models with a tan. In Experiment 2, 169 women were randomly assigned to view advertisements taken from fashion and beauty magazines that contained models who appeared to have suntanned skin, models who appeared not to have a tan, or no models at all. The results demonstrated that participants who viewed ads depicting models with untanned skin expressed less favorable attitudes toward tanning than did those who viewed control ads or those who viewed tan models. Given escalating skincancer rates, it is important to examine the role that media exposure may play in promoting risky behaviors. 相似文献
82.
Tanja Braungardt Matthias Vogel Julia Schmiedeberg Wolfgang Schneider 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(3):257-268
Bullying at the workplace and its negative effects on mental and physical health are a subject of avid public discussion with the mass media being part of this process. Often bullying at the workplace is assumed to result in somewhat specific consequences due to causal relationships. Contrarily, research suggests relatively complex interactions between bullying and negative health outcomes. Furthermore, the use of the term bullying is inflated, lowering the threshold for a conflict to be categorized in this way. This article reviews the bullying concept: what is the definition of bullying and how common is it in the work environment? What consequences of bullying are discussed in the literature and to what extent are they empirically confirmed? Which causes for bullying are accepted? Having answered these questions it will be discussed why the bullying concept is so popular and why this popularity might counteract more appropriate conceptualizations of the problem. 相似文献
83.
Binghuang Duan Cornelia Heintze Karin Vogel Shavkat Akhmadaliev Tieshan Wang 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(12):536-546
ABSTRACTTo study the nature of irradiation-induced nanofeatures in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe-Cr alloys, post-irradiation isochronal thermal annealing up to 600°C was performed for ODS Fe-9%Cr and Fe-14%Cr alloys ion-irradiated at 300°C and 500°C. Nanoindentation indicated hardening for all as-irradiated alloys and complete hardness recovery upon post-irradiation annealing. Cross-sectional TEM indicated an irradiation-induced defect band near peak damage mainly consisting of dislocation loops. Candidate mechanisms of recovery were critically evaluated. Shrinkage of loops via capture of thermal vacancies was found to correctly reflect the annealing behaviour of ODS Fe-9Cr irradiated at 300°C. 相似文献
84.
Stephanie Madon Max Guyll Kyle C. Scherr Jennifer Willard Richard Spoth David L. Vogel 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(9):1784-1798
This research examined whether naturally occurring self‐fulfilling prophecies influenced adolescents' responsiveness to a substance use prevention program. The authors addressed this issue with a unique methodological approach that was designed to enhance the internal validity of research on naturally occurring self‐fulfilling prophecies by experimentally controlling for prediction without influence. Participants were 321 families who were assigned to an adolescent substance use prevention program that either did or did not systematically involve parents. Results showed that parents' perceptions about the value of involving parents in adolescent substance use prevention predicted adolescents' alcohol use more strongly among families assigned to the prevention program that systematically involved parents than to the one that did not. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
85.
86.
Robert G. Resta Patricia McCarthy Veach Sarah Charles Kristen Vogel Terri Blase Christina G. S. Palmer 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(3):217-227
Publication of original research, clinical experiences, and critical reviews of literature are vital to the growth of the
genetic counseling field, delivery of genetic counseling services, and professional development of genetic counselors. Busy
clinical schedules, lack of time and funding, and training that emphasizes clinical skills over research skills may make it
difficult for new genetic counselors to turn their thesis projects into publications. This paper summarizes and elaborates
upon a presentation aimed at de-mystifying the publishing process given at the 2008 National Society of Genetic Counselors
Annual Education Conference. Specific topics include familiarizing prospective authors, particularly genetic counseling students,
with the basics of the publication process and related ethical considerations. Former students’ experiences with publishing
master’s theses also are described in hopes of encouraging new genetic counselors to submit for publication papers based on
their thesis projects. 相似文献
87.
Elise L. Townsend Jenny L. Richmond Vanessa K. Vogel‐Farley Kathleen Thomas 《Developmental science》2010,13(5):738-751
The medial temporal lobes (MTL) support declarative memory and mature structurally and functionally during the postnatal years in humans. Although recent work has addressed the development of declarative memory in early childhood, less is known about continued development beyond this period of time. The purpose of this investigation was to explore MTL‐dependent memory across middle childhood. Children (6 –10 years old) and adults completed two computerized tasks, place learning (PL) and transitive inference (TI), that each examined relational memory, as well as the flexible use of relational learning. Findings suggest that the development of relational memory precedes the development of the ability to use relational knowledge flexibly in novel situations. Implications for the development of underlying brain areas and ideas for future neuroimaging investigations are discussed. 相似文献
88.
The Dual Role of Morally Ambiguous Characters: Examining the Effect of Morality Salience on Narrative Responses 下载免费PDF全文
Using social comparison theory as a framework, 2 experiments examined the effects of a person's self‐perception on responses to characters who display varying levels of morality. Study 1 found that individuals whose vices were made salient felt more positive affect and enjoyment after reading a narrative featuring a morally ambiguous character (MAC) than one featuring a bad character. Study 2 found that individuals whose virtues were made salient felt more positive affect and enjoyment after reading a narrative featuring a good character than one featuring a MAC. Findings thus indicate that morality salience is an important factor determining responses to different character types. Avenues for future research and theoretical implications of the dual role of MACs are discussed. 相似文献
89.
Kutzner F Freytag P Vogel T Fiedler K 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2008,90(1):23-32
When humans predict criterion events based on probabilistic predictors, they often lend excessive weight to the predictor and insufficient weight to the base rate of the criterion event. In an operant analysis, using a matching-to-sample paradigm, Goodie and Fantino (1996) showed that humans exhibit base-rate neglect when predictors are associated with criterion events through physical similarity. In partial replications of their studies, we demonstrated similar effects when the predictors resembled the criterion events in terms of similarly skewed base rates. Participants' predictions were biased toward the more (or less) frequent criterion event following the more (or less) frequent predictor. This finding adds to the growing evidence for pseudocontingencies (Fiedler & Freytag, 2004), a framework that stresses base-rate influences on contingency learning. 相似文献
90.