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101.
One hundred and one published articles that used visual habituation or violation-of-expectation techniques with infants of 12 months or younger were surveyed. Information was compiled on the number of infants who failed to complete experimental procedures due to "fussiness" or other factors. Also noted for each experiment was whether or not infants as a group demonstrated differential responding to the test display. On average 13.7% (range 0-62%) of infants failed to complete these visual procedures as a result of fussiness. There was no correlation between experimental outcome and infant attrition due to fussiness or to any other factor. We thus found no evidence to suggest that differential exclusion rates systematically influence experimental outcomes. However, we urge researchers to provide operational definitions of "fussiness." 相似文献
102.
There is evidence that for both auditory and visual speech perception, familiarity with the talker facilitates speech recognition. Explanations of these effects have concentrated on the retention of talker information specific to each of these modalities. It could be, however, that some amodal, talker-specific articulatory-style information facilitates speech perception in both modalities. If this is true, then experience with a talker in one modality should facilitate perception of speech from that talker in the other modality. In a test of this prediction, subjects were given about 1 hr of experience lipreading a talker and were then asked to recover speech in noise from either this same talker or a different talker. Results revealed that subjects who lip-read and heard speech from the same talker performed better on the speech-in-noise task than did subjects who lip-read from one talker and then heard speech from a different talker. 相似文献
103.
104.
Jason J. Burrow‐Sanchez Adriana L. Lopez 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2009,87(1):72-79
High school students consistently report the use of substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. One of the people they would talk to about a substance use problem is their school counselor. A survey study was conducted with a national sample of 289 high school counselors. Results indicated that participants were clearly able to identify their practice limitations and future training needs in this area. Implications for training and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Current models of affect and health posit that affective disturbance influences health through behavioral pathways. The current research explores this hypothesis in the domain of sexual risk behavior by testing explicit and implicit hopelessness as predictors of condom use. Male and female undergraduates (n = 60) completed implicit and explicit measures of depression, hopelessness, and self‐reported condom use frequency. Findings revealed that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use. However, this relationship was moderated by gender such that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use for men, but not for women. The applicability of the findings to broader health theories is discussed. 相似文献
106.
Mark Creamer Meaghan L. ODonnell Isla Carboon Virginia Lewis Konstancja Densley Alexander McFarlane Derrick Silove Richard A. Bryant 《Journal of research in personality》2009,43(4):613-617
Hope is a higher-order cognitive construct that encompasses the belief in one’s ability to accomplish personal goals. Hope has been conceptualised as consisting of two constructs – Pathways (the individual’s perceived means available to achieve goals) and Agency (belief in ones ability to succeed in using the identified Pathways). This study aimed to validate a measure of hope, the Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS: [Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigman, S. T., et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585]) in a large sample of traumatic injury survivors (N = 1025). The findings support the psychometric properties of the scale, as well as the two-factor structure of Agency and Pathways, in this population. This study provides support for the use of the DHS as a measure of hope in traumatised populations. 相似文献
107.
Kara Anne Withrow Kelly A. Tracy Sarah K. Burton Virginia W. Norris Hermine H. Maes Kathleen S. Arnos Arti Pandya 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(6):618-621
Hearing loss is a common sensory deficit and more than 50% of affected individuals have a genetic etiology. The discovery
of 40 genes and more than 100 loci involved in hearing loss has made genetic testing for some of these genes widely available.
Genetic services for deafness are also being sought more often due to the early identification of hearing loss through newborn
screening services. The motivations for pursuing genetic testing, and how genetic services are provided to the client may
differ among individuals. Additionally, information obtained through genetic testing can be perceived and used in different
ways by parents of deaf children and deaf adults. This study aimed to follow up on focus group studies published earlier with
a quantitative survey instrument and assess the preference of consumers for provision of genetic services. We conducted a
national survey of hearing and deaf parents of children with hearing loss and of deaf adults. Data was compared and analyzed
by hearing status of the participant, their community affiliation and the genetic testing status using nominal logistic regression.
Consistent with our focus group results, the survey participants thought that a genetic counselor/geneticist would be the
most appropriate professional to provide genetics services. Statistically significant differences were noted in the preferred
choice of provider based on the genetic testing status. Parents preferred that genetic evaluation, including testing, occur
either immediately at or a few months after the audiologic diagnosis of hearing loss. This data should help providers in clinical
genetics keep patient preferences at the helm and provide culturally competent services. 相似文献
108.
Lexical production in children with Down syndrome (DS) was investigated by examining spoken naming accuracy and the use of spontaneous gestures in a picture naming task. Fifteen children with DS (range 3.8-8.3 years) were compared to typically developing children (TD), matched for chronological age and developmental age (range 2.6-4.3 years). Relative to TD children, children with DS were less accurate in speech (producing a greater number of unintelligible answers), yet they produced more gestures overall and of these a significantly higher percentage of iconic gestures. Furthermore, the iconic gestures produced by children with DS accompanied by incorrect or no speech often expressed a concept similar to that of the target word, suggesting deeper conceptual knowledge relative to that expressed only in speech. 相似文献
109.
Warren VL 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》1989,4(2):73-87
I explore some new directions—suggested by feminism—for medical ethics and for philosophical ethics generally. Moral philosophers need to confront two issues. The first is deciding which moral issues merit attention. Questions which incorporate the perspectives of women need to be posed—e. g., about the unequal treatment of women in health care, about the roles of physician and nurse, and about relationship issues other than power struggles. “Crisis issues” currently dominate medical ethics, to the neglect of what I call “housekeeping issues.” The second issue is how philosophical moral debates are conducted, especially how ulterior motives influence our beliefs and arguments. Both what we select—and neglect—to study as well as the “games” we play may be sending a message as loud as the words we do speak on ethics. 相似文献
110.
Virginia Brabender Ph.D. 《Group》1992,16(3):131-145
This paper identifies ways in which a short-term inpatient group can support psychological growth of women. A four-stage developmental model of women's work in an inpatient group is described. In each stage, women achieve greater comfort in new modes of relating. Women also gain greater appreciation of their interpersonal strengths. In the first stage, women face issues related to autonomy and connection. In the second stage, women focus upon conflictual feelings in relation to authority. In the third stage, women address obstacles to the achievement of satisfying, intimate, peer-based relationships. In the fourth stage, women focus upon the issues of separation and loss that are precipitated by the termination of the group. At each stage, the developmental tasks women perform are contrasted with related but nonidentical tasks performed by men.The author wishes to thank Drs. Joan Cooper and Francine Deutsch for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献