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This study investigated the relation between cerebral damage related to multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognitive decline as determined by two classical mental tracking tests. Cerebral damage in 15 relapsing–remitting MS patients was measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fractional anisotropy, longitudinal and transverse diffusivity were defined in the cerebral parenchyma. Cognitive performance of the MS patients was assessed with the oral response format of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). A significant correlation was found between performance on the SDMT and the fractional anisotropy in the brain. This correlation was predominantly induced by transverse diffusivity. Transverse diffusivity refers to the diffusion across fibers rather than along the fibers and is believed to be a specific marker for axonal loss and demyelination associated with MS. No significant association between DTI-measures and PASAT performance was found and this negative finding was mainly attributed to psychometric qualities. These results indicate that diffusivity along the non-principal diffusion direction, a possible signature of MS-related white matter pathology, contributes to information processing speed as measured with the SDMT, a task that requires close visual tracking and a widely used clinical marker for cognitive decline in MS. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Ad J.J.M. Vingerhoets 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(2):90-100
This contribution describes the present state of research concerning human crying, in particular the conditions that induce crying, the context and the intra-individual and inter-individual effects of shedding emotional tears. Crying is regarded not only as a psychobiological process with certain effects on the physical and mental well-being of the crying person, but also as a process which has a strong impact on the social environment. A comprehensive model of adult crying is presented, which not only accounts for these behavioral differences, but which also covers the reasons for crying, its social contexts, its consequences for the crying person and its inter-individual effects. In addition, the role of moderating variables is clarified. It is emphasized that there is no clear evidence in support of the hypothesis that crying brings relief and is healthy. It is suggested that the appropriate question is ?under which conditions can crying bring relief?” rather than ?does crying bring relief?” Furthermore, the impact of crying on the social environment is pointed out by which it facilitates the provision of social support and it may reduce aggression. Seen from a coping perspective, crying thus may both serve emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping functions. 相似文献
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Sex Roles - Various scholars have noted that the label “victim” frequently elicits connotations of stereotypical, passive femininity—especially when the crime entails rape or... 相似文献
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Andrzej Basiński Tomasz Stefaniak Magdalena Stadnyk Arfan Sheikh Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets 《Journal of religion and health》2013,52(1):276-284
The quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) is reduced due to their suffering of high levels of pain. It has been presented that quality of life can also be linked to religiosity and/or spirituality. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of religious practices on the quality of life and on the subjective level of pain in CP patients. Ninety-two patients (37 women and 55 men) with chronic pancreatitis were treated invasively for pain with neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB). The religiosity of the patients was recorded and served as a dichotomizer. Group 1 was for patients who claimed to have no contact with the church or to have very sporadic contact (N = 35 patients). Group 2 was for patients who claimed to have deep faith and were regular participants at church activities (N = 57 patients). Visual analogue scale was used to assess pain, while the quality of life was measured by using QLQ C-30 questionnaire adapted for chronic pancreatitis patients in Polish population. The patients were assessed prior to the pain-relieving intervention and subsequently 2 and 8 weeks after it. The intensity of pain was reduced in both groups significantly after performing the NCPB. Patients who declared a deep faith reported higher level of pain on the VAS scale prior to intervention than non-religious patients. Quality of life in both groups of patients significantly improved after NCPB. Following NCPB, global quality of life in patients who declared higher religiosity/church attendance was significantly higher (79.88) than for those patients who have no contact or sporadic contact with the church (44.21, P < 0.05). NCPB resulted in significant reduction of pain and increase in quality of life in both groups of patients with CP. Nevertheless, in the group declaring higher religiosity/church attendance, reported pain was higher, but, despite that, quality of life better. It may be concluded that religious practices might serve as an additional factor improving quality of life and coping in patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. 相似文献
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Christy A. Denckla Katherine L. Fiori Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets 《Journal of personality assessment》2014,96(6):619-631
Crying is a unique form of human emotional expression that is associated with both positive and negative evocative antecedents. This article investigates the psychometric properties of a newly developed Crying Proneness Scale by examining the factor structure, test–retest reliability, and theoretically hypothesized relationships with empathy, attachment, age, and gender. Based on an analysis of data provided by a Dutch panel (Time 1: N = 4,916, Time 2: N = 4,874), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggest that crying proneness is a multidimensional construct best characterized by four factors called attachment tears, societal tears, sentimental/moral tears, and compassionate tears. Test–retest reliability of the scale was adequate and associations with age, gender, empathy, and attachment demonstrated expected relations. Results suggest that this scale can be used to measure crying proneness, and that it will be useful in future studies that aim to gain a better understanding of normal and pathological socioemotional development. 相似文献
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Routledge C Arndt J Wildschut T Sedikides C Hart CM Juhl J Vingerhoets AJ Schlotz W 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2011,101(3):638-652
The present research tested the proposition that nostalgia serves an existential function by bolstering a sense of meaning in life. Study 1 found that nostalgia was positively associated with a sense of meaning in life. Study 2 experimentally demonstrated that nostalgia increases a sense of meaning in life. In both studies, the link between nostalgia and increased meaning in life was mediated by feelings of social connectedness. Study 3 evidenced that threatened meaning increases nostalgia. Study 4 illustrated that nostalgia, in turn, reduces defensiveness following a meaning threat. Finally, Studies 5 and 6 showed that nostalgia disrupts the link between meaning deficits and compromised psychological well-being. Collectively, these findings indicate that the provision of existential meaning is a pivotal function of nostalgia. 相似文献
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Cognitive Differences Between Patients with Left-sided and Right-sided Parkinson’s Disease. A Review
At disease onset, patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) typically report one side of the body to be more affected than the
other. Previous studies have reported that this motor symptom asymmetry is associated with asymmetric dopaminergic degeneration
in the brain. Research on the cognitive repercussions of this asymmetric degeneration has yielded inconsistent results. Here,
we review studies that reported on the cognitive performance of patients with left-sided (LPD) or right-sided (RPD) motor
symptom predominance. We present evidence that patients with RPD typically experience problems with language-related tasks
and verbal memory, whereas patients with LPD more often perform worse on tasks of spatial attention, visuospatial orienting
and memory and mental imagery. In general, no differences were found between both groups on tasks measuring attention and
executive function. The association between motor asymmetry and cognitive performance indicates that PD does not lead to one
typical cognitive profile. The effect of symptom laterality on the cognitive complaints should be considered in the assessment
and treatment of each individual patient. 相似文献
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Vacationers Happier,but Most not Happier After a Holiday 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeroen Nawijn Miquelle A. Marchand Ruut Veenhoven Ad J. Vingerhoets 《Applied research in quality of life》2010,5(1):35-47
The aim of this study was to obtain a greater insight into the association between vacations and happiness. We examined whether
vacationers differ in happiness, compared to those not going on holiday, and if a holiday trip boosts post-trip happiness.
These questions were addressed in a pre-test/post-test design study among 1,530 Dutch individuals. 974 vacationers answered
questions about their happiness before and after a holiday trip. Vacationers reported a higher degree of pre-trip happiness,
compared to non-vacationers, possibly because they are anticipating their holiday. Only a very relaxed holiday trip boosts
vacationers’ happiness further after return. Generally, there is no difference between vacationers’ and non-vacationers’ post-trip
happiness. The findings are explained in the light of set-point theory, need theory and comparison theory. 相似文献
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