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581.
A simple, reliable, and inexpensive method for measuring spontaneous motor activity in unrestrained squirrel monkeys is described. In this method, the home cage is suspended within a wooden enclosure in a way that allows the cage to swing in any lateral direction. This movement is recorded by two brass cylinders connected to the home cage and to the fixed wooden enclosure, respectively. The brass cylinders act as electrical contacts that serve to trigger an electronic recording device. The method is extremely sensitive. 相似文献
582.
Stephen A. Maisto Gerard J. Connors Jalie A. Tucker Janice B. McCollam Vincent J. Adesso 《Behaviour research and therapy》1980,18(1):37-43
The Sensation Scale was originally constructed to measure the subjective experience of physiological changes following alcohol consumption. Reduction of the original scale of 31 variables on the basis of face validity resulted in six ‘factors’ comprising 26 variables and one ‘other’ factor. These sortings are shown to have good interrater reliability. Furthermore, evidence is presented from two experiments that five of the six factors discriminated between nonalcoholic male subjects who drank either a beverage containing a moderate dose of alcohol or a nonalcoholic beverage. 相似文献
583.
Four experiments investigated the relative degree of control exerted by several conditional stimuli when each stimulus: (a) preceded shock, (b) followed shock, and preceded a shock-free interval, (c) was independent of shock, or (d) was novel. When the onset of an auditory stimulus had preceded shock (Experiments 1, 2A, and 3), it always exerted conditioned excitatory control. When the same stimulus preceded a shock-free interval, it never exerted conditioned inhibitory control. When the onset of light (Experiments 2B, 4), silence (2C), or darkness (1, 2D) preceded a shock-free interval, it always exerted conditioned inhibitory control. However, when one of the latter stimuli preceded shock, it failed to exert excitatory control. Several models of this phenomenon were tested. The implications of these results for the species-specific defence reaction and two-factor theory accounts of avoidance learning were outlined. 相似文献
584.
Vincent Di Lollo 《Behavior research methods》1979,11(4):419-421
Procedures are described for adjusting the intensity of computer-driven oscilloscopic displays. The adjustment maintains a fixed intensity level on different occasions and equates the brightness of brief stimuli displayed for different durations (i.e., compensates for the effects of time-intensity reciprocity). 相似文献
585.
Evan S. Kogan Robert I. Kabacoff Michel Hersen Vincent B. Van Hasselt 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1994,16(3):233-242
The present study developed new clinical cutoffs for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) with 59 older adult psychiatric outpatients. Maximum discrimination of a current major depressive episode resulted, with cutoff scores of 22 for the BDI and 16 for the GDS. Specifically, the following validity scores emerged for the BDI: sensitivity, 64%; specificity, 73%; positive predictive power, 75%; negative predictive power, 61%; and hit rate 68%. For the GDS the validity scores were as follows: sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 69%; positive predictive power, 77%; negative predictive power, 72%; and hit rate, 75%. Combined BDI and GDS scores did not result in improved prediction of a current major depressive episode as compared to the GDS alone. These results support the notion that the BDI and GDS are valid quick screening instruments in discriminating a current major depressive episode for older adult psychiatric outpatients. 相似文献
586.
Angela Lipsitz Greg Brake Eric John Vincent Mark Winters 《Journal of applied social psychology》1993,23(6):439-450
In an experimental study of how beer commercials affect alcohol expectancies, 92 fifth graders watched 40 television ads that included either five beer commercials, five soft-drink commercials, or five beer commercials plus two antidrinking messages. Afterwards, as an unrelated task, they completed the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (AEQ-A; Christiansen, Goldman, & Inn, 1982). Exposure to different commercials produced no differences in drinking expectancies. The experiment was repeated on 74 eighth graders with similar null results; however, eighth-grade girls more strongly believed (p <.02) that alcohol leads to deteriorated cognitive and behavioral function. In a comparison of fifth and eighth graders from the same school, eighth graders had significantly more positive scores on three AEQ-A scales that tapped social/emotional expectancies. The failure of beer commercials to create positive alcohol expectancies is consistent with limited and null findings of previous investigations. Research to date does not support a ban on alcohol advertising. 相似文献
587.
588.
Robert T. Ammerman Ph.D. Alan E. Kazdin Ph.D. Vincent B. Van Hasselt Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1993,2(3):187-202
We investigated psychosocial correlates of loneliness using self- and caretaker-reports in 6–12 year old nonreferred and psychiatrically hospitalized children. In Phase 1, 109 nonreferred children completed self-report measures of internalizing problems, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and teachers completed the CBCL-Teacher's Report Form. In Phase 2, a similar assessment battery was completed for 109 psychiatrically hospitalized children. Results indicated a moderate to strong relationship between loneliness and self-reported depression, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Children reporting high and low levels of loneliness were not differentiated by parent or teacher reports. Lonely children had lower IQs than their non-lonely peers. 相似文献
589.
This study presents the results of an evaluation of two cohorts of trainees who had completed a 2-year training program in family therapy. The 15 trainees were assessed in the areas of perceptual/conceptual, intervention/executive skills and personal development both pre- and post-training. Although the group results showed skill acquisition in all areas assessed, the individual results revealed a complexity in performance glossed over by the group analysis. Trainees' learning commenced from different baselines, advanced at different rates, and there was a marked discrepancy between self-reports of improvements (or otherwise) and the results of the observer-rated measures. We recommend that increasing attention be paid to individual differences in learning styles in training and in evaluation. 相似文献
590.
This study focused on measuring self-efficacy with 44 female conduct disordered youth involuntarily placed in a long-term residential setting. The Program Efficacy Scale (PES) was developed as a measure of self-efficacy linked specifically to program completion. Construct validity for this measure was assessed by correlating it to the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) developed by Tipton and Worthington (1984) and other measures of program success. The PES was found to be significantly related to the GSE, length of placement, level of program achievement, and effort ratings by staff. Possible uses for the PES in predicting success or failure with youth in residential settings are discussed. 相似文献