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501.

Call for Papers

Call for papers: Peirce and Education: The Conflicting Processes of Learning and Discovery  相似文献   
502.
    
Conspiracy beliefs entail a scapegoating function by attributing the consequences of crises, such as economic downturns, to the secret action of outgroups. While conspiracy beliefs have been described as reactions to economic threats, we argue that this factor alone is not sufficient. Rather, perceiving one's ingroup as unfairly deprived compared to other groups (i.e., group relative deprivation) might be key to explaining the situation in terms of secret, intentional wrongdoings. Furthermore, individuals high in national narcissism (i.e., a perceived lack of recognition of the ingroup's greatness), may be especially sensitive to this dynamic. Three pilot studies (N = 1237) attested the robustness of the link between group relative deprivation and conspiracy beliefs. Then, Study 1 (N = 812) revealed that the effect of group relative deprivation on conspiracy beliefs was moderated by national narcissism. In Study 2 (N = 728), we found effects of induced national narcissism and group relative deprivation on conspiracy beliefs in a fictitious setting. Study 3 (N = 846) replicated the moderation of national narcissism on the link between group relative deprivation and conspiracy beliefs at the cross-sectional level. Overall, these studies provide evidence that conspiracy beliefs in reaction to group relative deprivation are especially likely among collective narcissists. We discuss the scapegoating function of conspiracy beliefs during crises.  相似文献   
503.
    
Which domain of life evaluation is more important? Using a large-scale public sample of 1888 adults from the United States (880 males, 1008 females; Mage = 53.28), we addressed this question by comparing the predictive strength of six domains of life evaluations on overall life evaluation as well as biomarkers of inflammation. Specifically, we examined individuals' self-rated evaluations of the domains of social belonging, romantic relationships, work, subjective social status, self-esteem and finances, and we examined biological inflammation using an index of five biomarkers of inflammation: interleukin-6, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Adjusting for demographic variability, romantic evaluation, work evaluation, self-esteem and financial evaluation were equally and uniquely predictive of overall life evaluation. Social belonging remained predictive but was relatively weaker in magnitude, while subjective social status was no longer a significant predictor. Conversely, only financial evaluation was significantly linked to reduced biomarkers of inflammation. The findings suggest that depending on domain-specificity and whether well-being is assessed via subjective or objective indicators, links between life evaluations and well-being may show substantial nuance. In particular, financial evaluation appears to have unique links to biomarkers of inflammation even after accounting for other domains of life evaluations.  相似文献   
504.
ABSTRACT

The systematic and rigorous observations of children in child psychiatry and Youth Protection Services in Quebec revealed that most of these children presented multiple, complex and often severe problems, and did not seem to benefit much from classic psychodynamic psychotherapy. Owing to a poorly developed mentalizing capacity, many of these children did not use symbolic play as a means of expressing their intrapsychic conflicts and relational difficulties and did not communicate much verbally with clinicians. It was noted also that these children’s inner world was dominated by prementalizing modes of thinking, namely, the teleological mode, the psychic equivalence mode, and the pretend mode. This article is the last in a series of three. The first concerns the clinical assessment of prementalizing modes of psychic functioning in children and their parents. The second lays out the general objectives, principles and interventions of a mentalization-based treatment for children. This third article presents specific intervention strategies adapted to children’s predominant mode of thinking. The objectives and techniques regarding each mode are discussed. Three clinical examples serve to illustrate the interventions. The authors suggest that these children must develop a certain degree of mentalizing capacity before they can benefit from classic psychodynamic psychotherapy.  相似文献   
505.
    
ABSTRACT

As psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children depends on their capacity to mentalize, it is essential to integrate this dimension in their psychological assessment. Mentalization refers to the capacity to identify and comprehend the mental states (feelings, thoughts and intentions) underlying and explaining one’s own behaviors and those of others. This vital ability, which develops during the first five or six years of life in the context of a secure parent-child attachment, is often impaired in children subjected to neglect and maltreatment. Based on rigorous and systematic clinical observations made in youth protection and child psychiatry services, the authors suggest that the children in these settings, along with their parents, frequently present a prementalizing mode of psychic functioning. Further, the authors propose operationalizing the teleological, psychic equivalence, and pretend modes as they might be observed in older children and their parents. To this end, they begin by identifying behaviors, attitudes, and relational patterns potentially linked to each of these modes within a theoretical framework. Next, they describe the characteristics of these children’s narratives, play, and artistic productions. Lastly, three clinical vignettes are used to illustrate how the prementalizing modes are manifested. The results of this clinical assessment can guide the choice of techniques to be used in child psychotherapy.  相似文献   
506.
    
The duration of the representation of 1 s was estimated with two methods: (a) the adjustments of the duration of a sound and (b) the production of 10 s with counts from 1 to 11. The estimations were not close to 1 s and varied considerably. Assuming that the representation of 1 s is close to 1000 ms could well be misleading.  相似文献   
507.
    
Body posture influences feelings about the self, but little is known about its impact on social cognition more generally. We apply the Big Two framework (Agency/Competence, Communion/Warmth) and study how body posture influences interpersonal perception in a dyadic interaction. In three experiments, we studied dyads with different body postures (Exps. 1 and 2: expanded/restricted; Exp. 3: expanded/neutral). Dyad members worked on a joint task, and rated self and other. Findings showed that participants in an expanded posture rated the self higher and the other lower on agency, whereas those in a submissive (or neutral) posture rated the self lower and the other higher on agency. In Experiment 2, participants in a submissive posture also rated their communion lower. Results are important both for the impact of body posture on interpersonal perception and for context effects in the relationship of Agency versus Communion ratings of self and others.  相似文献   
508.
This paper offers an overview of Joseph Margolis’s philosophy of culture, highlighting how Margolis’s radical historicism is not inconsistent with our realistic intuitions regrading facts and objectivity. While Margolis identifies interpretation as the work of culture, the paper suggests that a much more basic sense of human labor needs to be thematized more fully than Margolis does in any defensible account of culture. Margolis of course appreciates work in this sense, but he does not consistently make it integral to his conception of culture. Even so, what he so forcefully defends is, as one commentator has put it, “beautiful. It’s also erudite, elegant, and insightful (and frightfully, dialectically intricate).”  相似文献   
509.
    
We suggest that text readability plays an important role in driving consumer engagement on social media. Consistent with a processing fluency account, we find that easy‐to‐read posts are more liked, commented on, and shared on social media. We analyze over 4,000 Facebook posts from Humans of New York, a popular photography blog on social media, over a 3‐year period to see how readability shapes social media engagement. The results hold when controlling for photo features, story valence, and other content‐related characteristics. Experimental findings further demonstrate the causal impact of readability and the processing fluency mechanism in the context of a fictitious brand community. This research articulates the impact of processing fluency on brief word‐of‐mouth transmissions in the real world while empirically demonstrating that readability as a message feature matters. It also extends the impact of processing fluency to a novel behavioral outcome: commenting and sharing actions.  相似文献   
510.
    
In the PTSD literature, moral injury represents dissonance between a person’s beliefs about how they and the world should function, and the trauma event(s) they experienced. Given the association of moral injury with the assumptive world, it is not surprising the concept is closely intertwined with spiritual concerns. This paper reports on a spiritually integrated group intervention designed to help veterans with PTSD in the process of moral and spiritual repair. Qualitative findings are shared from interviews conducted with 18 participants who completed the intervention. Themes are centred around participants’ overall response to their experience in the group; where they are at regarding feelings such as guilt, shame, anger, trust, sense of betrayal, and desire for forgiveness; changes in religious/spiritual beliefs and practices and the experience of moral injury; and if they now find meaning in the trauma. The findings support the need for additional treatment options that address the moral and spiritual aspects of trauma.  相似文献   
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