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921.
Nicolas?FavezEmail author Chloé?Lavanchy?Scaiola Hervé?Tissot Jo?lle?Darwiche France?Frascarolo 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(1):23-37
We present the first steps in the validation of an observational tool for father-mother-infant interactions: the FAAS (Family
Alliance Assessment Scales). Family-level variables are acknowledged as unique contributors to the understanding of the socio-affective
development of the child, yet producing reliable assessments of family-level interactions poses a methodological challenge.
There is, therefore, a clear need for a validated and clinically relevant tool. This validation study has been carried out
on three samples: one non-referred sample, of families taking part in a study on the transition to parenthood (normative sample;
n = 30), one referred for medically assisted procreation (infertility sample; n = 30) and one referred for a psychiatric condition in one parent (clinical sample; n = 15). Results show that the FAAS scales have (1) good inter-rater reliability and (2) good validity, as assessed through
known-group validity by comparing the three samples and through concurrent validity by checking family interactions against
parents’ self-reported marital satisfaction. 相似文献
922.
Parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often experience stressors associated with caring for their child.
These stressors can cause considerable distress for families, which at times can develop into full blown crisis, and it is
important that professionals be able to quickly identify when families are approaching or are in crisis to respond appropriately.
The current study presents an initial attempt at measuring the subjective experience of crisis in 164 caregivers of people
with ASD through a single item instrument, the Brief Family Distress Scale. The BFDS was negatively correlated with helpful
coping mechanisms (family hardiness, and parent empowerment), and positive adjustment (caregiver quality of life and positive
parenting experiences), and positively correlated with known stressors (severity of aggressive behavior, negative life events)
and problematic coping and outcomes (caregiver burden, worry, mental health problems). As expected, caregivers at Marked levels
of distress (approaching or in crisis) were significantly different from caregivers at lower levels of distress in nearly
all of the dependent variables. Having a quick way of measuring where families are in terms of distress and crisis can be
helpful for researchers and clinicians alike. 相似文献
923.
This study aims to reveal correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among the Turkish caregivers of leukemic children (n?=?100). The effects of demographic variables, satisfaction of the basic needs, performance on daily activities, and coping strategies on outcome variables were investigated by hierarchical regression. Accordingly, older age, lower reported income, higher number of other children to be looked after, lower levels of satisfaction of basic needs, and more use of emotion focused coping were associated with higher levels of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, caregivers with lower education reported more depressive symptoms, and higher performance on daily activities predicted more anxiety symptoms. 相似文献
924.
Ackroyd K Fortune DG Price S Howell S Sharrack B Isaac CL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):372-379
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners show adversarial
growth and to examine which psychological and disability variables contribute to this in patients and their partners. The
study also investigated the relationship between growth and distress. Seventy-two patients with MS and their partners provided
demographic information and completed measures of posttraumatic growth, illness perceptions, depression, cognitive function
and disability. Both patients and partners showed adversarial growth, with patients reporting significantly higher growth
than partners. The only significant predictor for patient growth was partner growth, and vice versa. Dissimilarity in illness
representations between patients and their partners on the consequences of MS dimension, patient mood and patient growth accounted
for significant variance in partner growth. The findings support the idea of a ‘communal search for meaning’ where patients
and their partners experience the trauma of having a chronic illness and subsequently find positive aspects together. 相似文献
925.
926.
Raúl?NavarroEmail author Elisa?Larra?aga Santiago?Yubero 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(4):457-473
This paper presents data concerning culturally prescribed gender traits and their influence on bullying/victimization problems
and aggressive tendencies from a wide sample of 1,654 Spanish adolescents. The aims of this study were to clarify the effect
of masculine traits on male and female secondary students’ aggression, and also to explore the role of feminine traits in
either the inhibition of aggression or the use of more covert forms. Results show that masculine stereotypical traits are
related more strongly with bully perpetration, proneness to aggression and experience of anger and hostility in both sexes.
In contrast, traditional feminine traits are negatively related with bullying perpetration and proneness to aggression. However,
feminine traits are linked to male students’ victimization. Results are discussed in the light of previous findings and are
taken into consideration in the design of intervention practices in secondary schools. 相似文献
927.
This paper argues that Derrida’s aporetic conclusions regarding moral and political concepts, from hospitality to democracy,
can only be understood and accepted if the notion of différance and similar infrastructures are taken into account. This is
because it is the infrastructures that expose and commit moral and political practices to a double and conflictual (thus aporetic)
future: the conditional future that projects horizonal limits and conditions upon the relation to others, and the unconditional
future without horizons of anticipation. The argument thus turns against two kinds of interpretation: The first accepts normative
unconditionality in ethics but misses its support by the infrastructures. The second rejects unconditionality as a normative
commitment precisely because the infrastructural support for unconditionality seems to rule out that it is normatively required.
In conclusion, the article thus reconsiders the relation between a quasi-transcendental argument and its normative implications,
suggesting that Derrida avoids the naturalistic fallacy. 相似文献
928.
Although analogical reasoning has long been a popular method of reasoning in bioethics, current literature does not sufficiently
grasp its variety. We assert that the main shortcoming is the fact that an analogy’s value is often judged on the extent of
similarity between the source situation and the target situation, while in (bio)ethics, analogies are often used because of certain dissimilarities rather than in spite of them. We make a clear distinction between dissimilarities that aim to reinforce a similar approach in the source situation
and the target situation and dissimilarities that aim to undermine or denounce a similar approach. The former kind of dissimilarity
offers the analogy more normative force than if there were no dissimilarities present; this is often overlooked by authors
who regard all relevant dissimilarities as detrimental to the analogy’s strength. Another observation is that an evaluation
of the normative force of an analogy cannot be made independently of moral principles or theories. Without these, one cannot
select which elements in an analogy are morally relevant nor determine how they should be interpreted. 相似文献
929.
930.
How do humans and their closest relatives, chimpanzees, differ in their fundamental abilities for seeing the visual world? In this study, we directly compared the gaze movements of humans and the closest species, chimpanzees, using an eye-tracking system. During free viewing of a naturalistic scene, chimpanzees made more fixations per second (up to four) than did humans (up to three). This species difference was independent of the semantic variability of the presented scenes. The gap–overlap paradigm revealed that, rather than resulting from the sensitivity to the peripherally presented stimuli per se, the species difference reflected the particular strategy each species employed to solve the rivalry between central (fixated) and peripheral stimuli in their visual fields. Finally, when presented with a movie in which small images successively appeared/disappeared at random positions at the chosen presentation rate, chimpanzees tracked those images at the point of fixation for a longer time than did humans, outperforming humans in their speed of scanning. Our results suggest that chimpanzees and humans differ quantitatively in their visual strategies involving the timing of gaze movement. We discuss the functional reasons for each species’ employing such specific strategies. 相似文献