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821.
Two experiments investigated the effects of prior extinction trials upon the effectiveness of response prevention procedures (flooding) in facilitating extinction of avoidance in rats. The results showed that both prior CS only extinction trials and response prevention independently hastened extinction and that response prevention is enhanced if prior extinction has already taken place. The results were interpreted as being consistent with a relaxation interpretation of extinction of avoidance behavior providing a ‘distraction’ or ‘attention shift’ factor is incorporated into theory. 相似文献
822.
I B Weiner 《Journal of personality assessment》1972,36(6):534-546
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826.
Allan I. Teger 《Journal of applied social psychology》1971,1(3):292-304
Surveys were conducted before and after radical students occupied a campus building at Princeton University. The occupation led to reduced support for the radicals' demands and increased support for their militant action. The increased support for the militant action occurred even though no police were used. The results were interpreted in terms of a functional theory of attitudes. It was suggested that support for the demands or actions of the radicals was necessary in order to permit many students to appear radical. A second aspect of the study examined the mirror image hypothesis. Strong support for this hypothesis was obtained when it was found that the administration and the radicals appeared as direct opposites. This effect, however, was almost entirely confined to those students who strongly supported the radicals or the administration. Those who took a moderate view did not see the two parties as direct opposites. 相似文献
827.
A multiple baseline technique was employed to examine the experimental development of an imitative repertoire within preselected topographical boundaries. Four severely retarded children, initially nonimitative, were individually trained to imitate a number of motor and vocal responses by shaping and fading procedures. Other untrained responses (probes) were demonstrated to the subjects systematically throughout the ongoing training. Training responses were divided into three topographical types: small motor, large motor, and short vocal responses. Probe responses were divided into four topographical types: small motor, large motor, short vocal, and long vocal responses. Following a multiple baseline format, sequential training of the first three types was begun at different temporal periods of the study; unreinforced imitative generalization was continually measured by the probes. Generalized imitation was observed in each subject (untrained responses were imitated even though unreinforced); but this generalization was restricted to the topographical type of imitation currently receiving training or having previously received training. 相似文献
828.
829.
A method is described for the high-speed plotting of many independently generated elements in a computer-controlled display. 相似文献
830.
WERDELIN, I., BONDESSON, E. & LARSSON, G.-B. The effectiveness and transfer value of two methods of concept learning. Scand. J. Psychol. , 1971, 12, 198–204.–Two methods of learning are compared as to their effectiveness and transfer value, the "direction method", where principles are presented and exemplified, and the "discovery method", where the learner discovers the principles from examples. In an experiment with 12a pupils in grade five it was found that the direction method was superior to the discovery method in these learning situations, that the methods are differently effective with different materials, and that experience with one of the methods may transfer to the ability to learn new materials with either method. The connections between concept, method and previous experience are very complex, however. 相似文献