瑞文标准推理测验在聋童中的使用报告

本研究采用瑞文标准推理测验对9-17岁的聋童的智力发展情况进行了研究,结果表明:聋童智力的发展随着年龄的增长而增长,呈非直线性,各年龄组内不存在显著的性别差异;与中国城市版常模相比,聋童智力的发展水平要明显地低于城市正常儿童.从各年龄组均分差异来看,聋童要落后2至3个年龄段;统计检验还表明同一年龄组中,有残余听力聋童与无残余听力的聋童的智力发展水平差异并不显著;测题难度和区分度分析表明,原测题排列顺序及鉴别力基本适合聋童被试,信度和效度测定表明,瑞文标准推理测验测量聋童的智力可靠而有效.     

内隐记忆的初步实验研究

本研究探讨在无意义字母串学习中内隐记忆的某些特点,并兼用信号检测论进行分析。实验按A、B两组材料系列中所含关键字母“SCT”的比例不同,分成六个组,每组11名,共66名被试。结果表明:1.各组差异明显,合“SCT”比例高的学习材料,启动效应明显,从而证明了存在着一个独立的内隐记忆过程;2.本实验新发现,内隐记忆过程中,心理状态波动甚微,情绪状态稳定,有别于外显记忆过程。     

当代美英法律心理学研究概况

本文概述了当代美英法律心理学研究的状况,着重论述了它的主要研究领域:证人证言,讯问与供述,法庭心理学,陪审团研究,犯罪心理学,被害人心理学以及司法程序心理学,这些内容对于深化我国的法律心理学研究,具有积极意义。     

普拉契克的情绪进化理论

本文着重从情绪与进化、基本情绪、情绪的本质、情绪的结构模式、情绪与认知和情绪与人格等六个方面,介绍了普拉契克情绪进化理论的基本观点。     

Relationships between schizotypal features,trait anticipatory and consummatory pleasure,and naturalistic hedonic States

Motivation and Emotion - Deficient anticipatory and preserved consummatory pleasure are hypothesized in schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. However, corresponding findings regarding schizotypy are...     

A comparison of teaching tacts with and without background stimuli on acquisition and generality

We evaluated whether teaching tacts of images with or without backgrounds would affect acquisition during teaching and generality across untaught targets with four children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Including backgrounds could slow acquisition but bolster generality across other media containing backgrounds, whereas removing backgrounds may improve acquisition but result in poorer generality. Overall, acquisition rates were similar across conditions for three children, although one child displayed consistently slower acquisition during the background condition. We rarely observed generality to untaught targets when programming extinction, but embedding differential reinforcement or teaching additional images with backgrounds led to equally successful outcomes irrespective of initial teaching conditions. Teaching with or without backgrounds may result in marginal differences in acquisition of teaching and untaught targets, especially when arranging supplemental procedures during tests for generality. We discuss the importance of intrasubject replication, considerations when testing for generality, and implications for practice.     

Assessment and treatment of elopement maintained by chase

Elopement can have serious or fatal consequences associated with leaving the presence of an adult or getting lost (e.g., traffic injury and drowning). Given the dangers associated with elopement, caregivers are likely to chase after their child when elopement occurs. Like other forms of attention that follow problem behavior, chasing and retrieving the child may serve as a reinforcer and therefore maintain elopement. However, no study to date has evaluated whether elopement is sensitive to positive reinforcement in the form of chase. We evaluated the effects of chase on elopement with an 8‐year old boy diagnosed with autism. Elopement was maintained, at least in part, by chase. We then conducted a treatment evaluation in which we tested the effects of various antecedent‐ and consequence‐based treatment components within a multiple schedule.