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681.
Predicting Behavioral Career Commitment of College Students With Attachment and Separation Relationships
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Gina Zanardelli Victoria A. Shivy Kristin M. Perrone‐McGovern 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2016,53(4):162-173
This study compares the behavioral and attitudinal career commitment of college students, then examines the influences of parental attachment and separation on career commitment. Undergraduates (N = 195) from 3 academic programs were surveyed: a combined degree program that accepts students simultaneously into bachelor's and medical programs, premedical curriculum alone, and general university enrollment. Behavioral career commitment (enrollment in one of the aforementioned programs) correlated with attitudinal commitment for the combined degree and general enrollment groups. Greater attachment to father and less separation from parents were associated with lower career commitment for men. Attachment and separation did not predict career commitment for women. 相似文献
682.
The hypotheses of Sulloway (1996) regarding birth order differences in five-factor model personality traits were tested in a sample of 231 college students with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992). Data were collected from three sources (self, peer, and parent) to systematically evaluate previous observations that birth order differences are more commonly found when ratings are obtained from family members than from observers outside the family (Ernst & Angst, 1983). Using a between-family design, students were selected only from families with two or three full biological siblings and no half-siblings, step-siblings, or adopted siblings. Firstborn (n = 103) and laterborn (n = 128) students were compared using NEO-FFI ratings by the self, by a same-sex college peer, and by a biological parent. No birth order differences were found for any of the five NEO-FFI scores using any of the three rating sources. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were less than .20 for all comparisons. Suggestions for new approaches to the study of birth order differences are considered, including the use of within-family designs and more contextualized personality variables. 相似文献
683.
Kathleen?M.?PalmEmail author Victoria?M.?Follette 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):79-86
The long-term negative psychological consequences associated with interpersonal victimization are significant; however a history
of interpersonal victimization alone does not necessarily lead to greater long-term psychological distress. The current study
examined the relationship between cognitive flexibility, experiential avoidance, and psychological distress among 92 women
who reported a history of interpersonal victimization. The findings indicate that both cognitive flexibility and experiential
avoidance are significantly related to posttraumatic stress symptomology and depression in this sample. Preliminary evidence
is also presented suggesting experiential avoidance maybe a potential mediator between cognitive flexibility and psychological
distress in this sample. The current findings suggest that treatments targeting greater emotional acceptance and mindfulness
might be useful approaches in working with survivors of interpersonal victimization. 相似文献
684.
The popular media has reported an increase in the use of social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook by hiring managers
and human resource professionals attempting to find more detailed information about job applicants. Within the peer-reviewed
literature, cursory empirical evidence exists indicating that others’ judgments of characteristics or attributes of an individual
based on information obtained from SNSs may be accurate. Although this predictor method provides a potentially promising source
of applicant information on predictor constructs of interest, it is also fraught with potential limitations and legal challenges.
The level of publicly available data obtainable by employers is highly unstandardized across applicants, as some applicants
will choose not to use SNSs at all while those choosing to use SNSs customize the degree to which information they share is
made public to those outside of their network. It is also unclear how decision makers are currently utilizing the available
information. Potential discrimination may result through employer’s access to publicly available pictures, videos, biographical
information, or other shared information that often allows easy identification of applicant membership to a protected class.
For the practice to progress in a positive direction, evidence for the validity and job-relevance of information obtained
from SNSs needs to be established. Organizational researchers and practitioners also need to promote awareness and attempt
to create safeguards against the potential negative outcomes related to misuse of SNSs by employers. 相似文献
685.
In the research reported here, we investigated whether 18-month-olds would use their own past experience of visual access to attribute perception and consequent beliefs to other people. Infants in this study wore either opaque blindfolds (opaque condition) or trick blindfolds that looked opaque but were actually transparent (trick condition). Then both groups of infants observed an actor wearing one of the same blindfolds that they themselves had experienced, while a puppet removed an object from its location. Anticipatory eye movements revealed that infants who had experienced opaque blindfolds expected the actor to behave in accordance with a false belief about the object's location, but that infants who had experienced trick blindfolds did not exhibit that expectation. Our results suggest that 18-month-olds used self-experience with the blindfolds to assess the actor's visual access and to update her belief state accordingly. These data constitute compelling evidence that 18-month-olds infer perceptual access and appreciate its causal role in altering the epistemic states of other people. 相似文献
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688.
It has been widely demonstrated that the differential outcomes procedure (DOP) facilitates both the learning of conditional relationships and the memory for the conditional stimuli in animal subjects. For conditional discriminations in humans, the DOP also produces an increase in the speed of acquisition and/or final accuracy. However, the potential facilitative effects of differential outcomes in human memory have not been fully assessed. In the present study, we aimed to test whether this procedure improves performance on a recognition memory task in healthy adults. Participants showed significantly better delayed face recognition when differential outcomes were used. This novel finding is discussed in the light of other studies on the differential outcomes effect (DOE) in both animals and humans, and implications for future research are presented. 相似文献
689.
LaRue RH Stewart V Piazza CC Volkert VM Patel MR Zeleny J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(4):719-735
Given the effectiveness of putative escape extinction as treatment for feeding problems, it is surprising that little is known about the effects of escape as reinforcement for appropriate eating during treatment. In the current investigation, we examined the effectiveness of escape as reinforcement for mouth clean (a product measure of swallowing), escape as reinforcement for mouth clean plus escape extinction (EE), and EE alone as treatment for the food refusal of 5 children. Results were similar to those of previous studies, in that reinforcement alone did not result in increases in mouth clean or decreases in inappropriate behavior (e.g., Piazza, Patel, Gulotta, Sevin, & Layer, 2003). Increases in mouth clean and decreases in inappropriate behavior occurred when the therapist implemented EE independent of the presence or absence of reinforcement. Results are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement in the etiology and treatment of feeding problems. 相似文献
690.
To investigate children’s theories of motivation, we asked 166 children (8-12 years of age) to rate the effect of various motivational strategies on task interest, over the short and long terms, in activities described as appealing or unappealing. Children viewed the rewards strategy as resulting in greatest interest except when implemented over the long term for appealing activities. Individual difference analyses revealed that some children held operant theories of motivation, in which rewards were central, and others held hybrid theories, in which rewards were key, but some allowance was made for interest to be self-sustaining in the absence of inducements. Children’s theories predicted their academic self-regulation. Their theories are discussed relative to an expert theory of motivation. 相似文献