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681.
Victoria C. Scott Jonathan G. Sandberg James M. Harper Richard B. Miller 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2012,34(3):376-390
This study of 535 older married couples examined the relationship between depression and health and sexual satisfaction directly and when mediated by communication. The sample included 535 older couples who completed a survey questionnaire known as Project Couple Retire. Among the items in the questionnaire were measures of depression, health, perception of sexual intimacy, communication and other demographic information. Results from Structural Equation Modeling indicated that for women, health was a significant predictor of sexual satisfaction. For both genders, the results suggest that depression, when mediated by communication, is a predictor of sexual satisfaction among older couples. Implications for clinicians are discussed. 相似文献
682.
Jouriles EN McDonald R Mueller V Grych JH 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2012,15(1):58-68
This article describes a conceptual model of cognitive and emotional processes proposed to mediate the relation between youth
exposure to family violence and teen dating violence perpetration. Explicit beliefs about violence, internal knowledge structures,
and executive functioning are hypothesized as cognitive mediators, and their potential influences upon one another are described.
Theory and research on the role of emotions and emotional processes in the relation between youths’ exposure to family violence
and teen dating violence perpetration are also reviewed. We present an integrated model that highlights how emotions and emotional
processes work in tandem with hypothesized cognitive mediators to predict teen dating violence. 相似文献
683.
The possibility that memory awareness occurs in nonhuman animals has been evaluated by providing opportunity to decline memory
tests. Current evidence suggests that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) selectively decline tests when memory is weak (Hampton in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:5359–5362, 2001; Smith et al. in Behav Brain Sci 26:317–374, 2003). However, much of the existing research in nonhuman metacognition is subject to the criticism that, after considerable training
on one test type, subjects learn to decline difficult trials based on associative learning of external test-specific contingencies
rather than by evaluating the private status of memory or other cognitive states. We evaluated whether such test-specific
associations could account for performance by presenting monkeys with a series of generalization tests across which no single
association with external stimuli was likely to adaptively control use of the decline response. Six monkeys performed a four
alternative delayed matching to location task and were significantly more accurate on trials with a decline option available
than on trials without it, indicating that subjects selectively declined tests when memory was weak. Monkeys transferred appropriate
use of the decline response under three conditions that assessed generalization: two tests that weakened memory and one test
that enhanced memory in a novel way. Bidirectional generalization indicates that use of the decline response by monkeys is
not controlled by specific external stimuli but is rather a flexible behavior based on a private assessment of memory. 相似文献
684.
685.
In this article, various feminist theories are used to critique selected psychological theories of coping with stress, a reformulated coping theory is outlined, and recommendations for future research are made. To date, theories of coping often portray women as less able copers than the samples of men with whom they are compared. A reformulated theory, based on different women's experiences, explicitly examines the role of social forces (sexism, racism) and access to power as variables in the coping process rather than solely focusing on the individual. Selected examples of research that contribute to such a revision are given. Revised theories and methodologies will encourage the more accurate appraisal of women's coping abilities and generate information vital to the creation of more inclusive and representative theories of coping. 相似文献
686.
Abstract This study demonstrates that left and right unilateral facial contractions have similar effects on the expression of ethnic stereotypes as do negative and positive moods induced by more conventional means. Subjects who con tracted the left side of their face (negative mood inducer) were more likely to express negative stereotypes of ethnic groups than were subjects who contracted the right side of their face (positive mood inducer). This parallels previous findings obtained using two standard mood inductions: the Veltens mood induction procedure; and a musical mood induction procedure. Given that unilateral facial contractions manipulate mood without cognitive involvement, this mood induction may have advantages over previously used procedures, the effects of which are subject to cognitive mediation explanations. In addition, these results suggest that, at least for the expression of ethnic stereotypes, mood's influence on cognition does not depend on a cognitive component of mood induction. 相似文献
687.
688.
Marc Serfaty Roz Shafran Victoria Vickerstaff Trefor Aspden 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2020,49(5):347-360
ABSTRACT Measuring therapists’ adherence to treatment manuals is recommended for evaluating treatment integrity, yet ways to do this are poorly defined, time consuming, and costly. The aims of the study were to develop a Therapy Component Checklist (TCC) to measure adherence to manualised CBT; to test its application in research and clinical practice; to determine its validity; and consider its cost benefits. We conducted a randomised trial in 230 people with cancer evaluating effectiveness of CBT for depression. In this, therapists delivered manualised treatment. Experts agreed on key components of therapy and therapists were asked to record these after therapy sessions by ticking a TCC. Inter-rater reliability was tested using an independent rater. Therapists delivered 543 CBT sessions. TCCs were completed in 293, of which 39 were assessed by the independent rater. Self-reported TCC data suggested close adherence to the manual. Prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa scores suggested substantial agreement, (>0.60) in 38 out of 46 items. Self-rating of adherence saved around £96 per rating. In conclusion the TCC provides a quick and cost effective way of evaluating the components of therapy delivered. This approach could be applied to other psychological treatments and may help with linking therapeutic interventions with outcome. 相似文献
689.
Maria Jesús Blasco Gemma Vilagut Jos Almenara Miquel Roca Jos Antonio Piqueras Andrea Gabilondo Carolina Lagares Victoria Soto‐Sanz Itxaso Alayo Carlos G. Forero Enrique Echeburúa Margalida Gili Ana Isabel Cebri Ronny Bruffaerts Randy P. Auerbach Matthew K. Nock Ronald C. Kessler Jordi Alonso 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(3):881-898
690.