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431.
Cecil R. Reynolds Victor L. Willson Steven P. Chatman 《Journal of School Psychology》1985,23(2):195-204
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) has been touted in the popular press and the publisher's advertising as a nonbiased measure of children's intellectual functioning. The claims are based substantially on a reduction of the mean differences in overall test performance between blacks and whites on the K-ABC. However, mean differences are the most often rejected indicators of test bias by most serious psychometricians, and while the issue of bias is complex and requires multiple approaches, one necessary test of bias requires a comparison of the predictive validity of the scale for blacks and for whites. The present study reports on the results of an investigation of the criterion-related validity of the K-ABC, predicting reading comprehension, arithmetic, and general achievement, for large samples of blacks and whites tested during the standardization of the battery. The statistical technique of Potthoff is used to test for bias under the regression definition of Cleary. The results are reported separately for several age groups. The Sequential and Mental Processing Composite scales tended to overpredict black children's academic levels, especially on the K-ABC achievement scales. Some differences also occurred with the Simultaneous Processing scale but with less frequency. 相似文献
432.
The cerebellum not only receives extensive proprioceptive input from the periphery but also has bidirectional monosynaptic connections with the hypothalamus. This latter structure, in turn, is reciprocally interconnected with brain-stem visceral centers that also project to the cerebellum. Through these connections, information derived from somatic receptors that arrives at the cerebellum can directly influence visceral centers and circuits. It is suggested that the visceral responses seen during locomotor activity can be continuously monitored and partially regulated through such connections. 相似文献
433.
We examined the perceptual coherence of two-component moving plaids. The gratings that constituted the plaids were either standard Fourier gratings (F), in which luminance was determined by a drifting sinusoid, or non-Fourier gratings (NF), in which the contrast of a random background was modulated by a drifting sinusoid. These NF gratings are examples of stimuli that generate a compelling percept of motion, even though they fail to elicit a motion signal from motion analyzers based on standard cross-correlation (Chubb & Sperling, 1988). Naive observers viewed three types of stimuli consisting of superpositions of these two components: (1) two standard drifting gratings (F/F), (2) two non-Fourier drifting gratings (NF/NF), and (3) one standard and one non-Fourier drifting grating (F/NF). As expected, the F/F stimulus yielded a compelling percept of coherent motion. The dominant percept of all the observers for the NF/NF stimulus was one of coherent motion, provided that both gratings were visible and of approximately equal contrast. None of the observers reported a dominant percept of coherent motion for the F/NF condition, over a wide range of contrasts for the two grating components and across two varieties of NF gratings. In view of the results of Albright (1992) and Albright and Chaudhuri (1989), that show that single cells in macaque V1 and MT respond to both F and NF motion, one cannot interpret our findings as evidence that F and NF motion are processed independently. Alternative, “higher level” interpretations based on the intrinsically ambiguous nature of the stimuli and physical laws governing the appearance of transparent objects are discussed. 相似文献
434.
435.
Victor G. Laties Ray A. Preston Geoffrey B. Inglis Randal L. Pittelli 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(4):435-436
The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) and the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) have both established home pages on the World Wide Web. Their addresses are:
- 相似文献
436.
437.
Victor L. Landry Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(3):211-214
The pastoral staff of the Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a vital participant in the advanced trauma-care team.
The staff of professionally certified chaplains take an active role in ministering to the unique temporal, psychological,
and spiritual needs of both patients and patients' families. These professionals serve as hosts, counselors, confidants, and
friends to people who have been suddenly thrown into chaos. The pastoral staff at a trauma center also ministers to the emotional
and spiritual needs of the various medical and nursing staffs. 相似文献
438.
Daniel Solomon Marilyn Watson Victor Battistich Eric Schaps Kevin Delucchi 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(6):719-748
Although prior research has shown sense of community in schools to be related to many positive student characteristics, effective
interventions that can create or enhance this sense have not been demonstrated. In this paper we describe a comprehensive
elementary school program, implemented by teachers, that was successful in creating a sense of community in the classrooms,
as perceived by students. The program was implemented in three elementary schools in a suburban school district; three additional
schools in the same district served as a comparison group. The program, which emphasized cooperative learning, the importance
of democratic and prosocial values, student autonomy and self-direction, and a child-centered approach to teaching and classroom
management, was experienced by a cohort of students from kindergarten through Grade 4, and by a subset of that cohort through
Grade 6. Sense of community was assessed—by questionnaire—in Grades 4, 5, and 6; various student outcomes were assessed via
questionnaire and interview. Results indicated that the program was successful in heightening students’ sense of community,
and that the sense of community—by itself and in combination with program status—related positively to a number of student
outcomes. There was also suggestive evidence that students who experienced their classroom as a community attempted to abide
by its norms and values, and that the authority structure of the classroom was an important determinant of students’ experience
of community and of some of its observed effects.
The project described in this paper was supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. An earlier version of this
paper was presented at the International Symposium on Research on Effective and Responsible Teaching, Fribourg, Switzerland,
September 1990. A brief, nontechnical summary of the findings described here was included in Solomon, Watson, Battistich,
Schaps, and Delucchi, 1992. In addition to the authors, significant contributions to this work were made by numerous others,
including Carole Cooper, Stefan Dasho, Jane Deer, Sylvia Kendzior, Allison Rickard, Wendy Ritchie, Marc Rosenberg, Judith
Solomon, Carole Stone, Margaret Tauber, and Pat Tuck. 相似文献
439.
Rosemarie Stynes Jeffery Lipp Victor Minichiello 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1996,9(2):131-141
This paper describes first, a developmental and systems/interactional conceptual model for understanding HIV and AIDS and second, outlines four basic principles of a systems model of therapeutic counselling used with people infected and affected by HIV Clinical examples are taken from the work of a team of family therapists at Bouverie Family Therapy Centre in Melbourne, Australia, to demonstrate that a systems developmental model is an appropriate therapy to assist HIV and AIDS affected people and their significant others to live with a chronic and stigmatized terminal illness. 相似文献
440.
John Knight Victor Colburn David Owens Lee Freeman Daniel Syed Wayne Rasband 《Behavior research methods》1974,6(2):143-146
An experiment control computer system, operational for more than 2 years, is discussed. The system is multiprogammed, using a vendor supplied real-time operating system. Individual experiments employ multitasking—fast response functions are implemented in core resident tasks while interactive and other slow response functions are implemented in tasks that operate under time sharing. The areas of psychological research currently supported are concept formation studies, EEG evoked response studies, monitoring the autonomic nervous system, perception studies, and family interaction studies. 相似文献