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121.
Victor Agadjanian Scott T. Yabiku Lubayna Fawcett 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2009,48(3):462-479
In the globalization discourse, Christianity and Islam are often construed as representing two traditions that are conflicted and incompatible. This study engages the "clash of civilizations" discourse by examining Muslim-Christian differentials in the use of modern contraception in Nigeria, where Christians have a much higher contraceptive prevalence, and Tanzania, where Muslims are somewhat more likely to use contraception. Employing data from six nationally representative surveys conducted in the two countries between 1990 and 2004 and multilevel logistic regression, we find that the effects of religion remain strong but operate largely through the community religious milieu. Contraceptive use tends to be highest in religiously mixed areas, but the "optimal" religious makeup differs between the two nations, reflecting the historically shaped configurations of their religious expressions and politics. 相似文献
122.
Stefanie Kehrer Antje Kraft Kerstin Irlbacher Stefan P. Koch Herbert Hagendorf Norbert Kathmann Stephan A. Brandt 《Psychological research》2009,73(6):751-761
Event-related potentials were measured to investigate the role of visual spatial attention mechanisms in conflict processing.
We suggested that a more difficult target selection leads to stronger attentional top-down control, thereby reducing the effects
of arising conflicts. This hypothesis was tested by varying the selection difficulty in a location negative priming (NP) paradigm.
The difficult task resulted in prolonged responses as compared to the easy task. A behavioral NP effect was only evident in
the easy task. Psychophysiologically the easy task was associated with reduced parietal N1, enhanced frontocentral N2 and
N2pc components and a prolonged P3 latency for the conflict as compared to the control condition. The N2pc effect was also
obvious in the difficult task. Additionally frontocentral N2 amplitudes increased and latencies of N2pc and P3 were delayed
compared to the easy task. The differences at frontocentral and parietal electrodes are consistent with previous studies ascribing
activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortex as the source of top-down attentional control. Thus, we propose that stronger
cognitive control is involved in the difficult task, resulting in a reduced behavioral NP conflict. 相似文献
123.
Siv Ellen Kraft Author Vitae 《Religion》2007,37(3):230-242
For years, the authors of the best-selling guide to India, Lonely Planet, has shaped the perspectives of many travellers. This article considers how religion is constructed as a category and how it is made relevant to travellers. I argue that ‘religion’ comes in two versions, one pertaining to the Indian hosts and one to travellers. Religion is based on tradition, faith and historical institutions, whose members, rituals and sacred sites are of interest to travellers. Spirituality has to do with the personal development of travellers and is exclusively referred to as philosophy. 相似文献
124.
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126.
Julius Kraft 《Erkenntnis》1936,6(1):211-222
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
127.
Robert R. Smith Ed.D. Victor S. Lombardo 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1995,13(4):255-260
In addressing the issue of how offenders may help themselves face the world in prison and outside, this article outlines how
the principles of rational emotive therapy as outlined by Ellis and Maultsby can be simplified for use with this population
in order to provide them a method for understanding and alleviating unhelpful emotional reactions. An example is provided
to illustrate how a rational self-analysis model can be taught as written homework in individual or group sessions. Using
the RSA model, offenders are taught to review and better understand the meanings of irrational words and how they upset themselves.
Overall, our experience has been that offenders of many persuasions can be taught to be more rational and logical—an essential
foundation for successful rehabilitation.
This article is reproduced with permission in a slightly modified form from an earlier article authored by Smith and Lombardo
“Rational Cognitive Therapy: An Executive Summary” that appeared inThe Correctional Psychologist, 27, 1995, pp. 2–5. 相似文献
128.
This study examines the effects of perceived group context on subjects risk attitudes and their sensitivity to the framing of choice outcomes in a ‘life-death’ decision problem. It seeks to uncover the psychological mechanisms underlying decision-making biases by systematically manipulating the decision context in which the ‘life-death’ problem was described. The study revealed that subjects risk preferences varied as a function of the experimental manipulations. Previously observed reversals in preferences (framing effects) appeared in large-group contexts and disappeared in small-group and family contexts. When considering the fate of small groups, subjects unambiguously favored the probabilistic outcome, no matter how the ‘life-death’ decision problem was framed. The empirical data obtained from the present study suggest that human choice patterns are behaviorally distinguishable across large-group, small-group, and family social contexts. 相似文献
129.
Evincing his not uncritical allegiance to pragmatic philosophy, Isreal Scheffler's notion of ethics and its role in education is one which attempts to dissolve inherited distinctions in the field. For Scheffler's ethics, aimed always at justifiable conduct, is conduct guided by rationality, powered by emotion, responsive the needs of it agents community, learned through moral education, practiced habitually, and ultimately justified by individual commitment to action. Scheffler's primary desideratum is to arrive at an ethics that is justifiable because it is reasonable and so can gain our commitment. 相似文献
130.