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451.
452.
Prashant Bordia Elizabeth Hobman Elizabeth Jones Cindy Gallois Victor J. Callan 《Journal of business and psychology》2004,18(4):507-532
This research tested a model that classifies change uncertainty into three interrelated types: strategic, structural, and job-related. We predicted that control would mediate the effects of job-related uncertainty upon psychological strain, and that management communication and participation in decision-making (PDM) would reduce uncertainty and increase feelings of control. The model was tested in a public sector organization and the results supported it. Control was found to mediate the effects of job-related uncertainty upon psychological strain. Management communication was negatively related to strategic uncertainty, whereas PDM was negatively related to structural and job-related uncertainty, suggesting different mechanisms to deal with the types of uncertainty during change. Finally, PDM was positively associated with feelings of control and negatively associated with psychological strain. These results suggest that PDM can short-circuit the damaging effects of uncertainty by allowing employees to have a say in change related organizational affairs, thereby instilling a sense of control over their circumstances. 相似文献
453.
454.
John A. Yozwiak William N. Robiner Andrea M. Victor Gokce Durmusoglu 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(3):238-248
This article reviews the use and perceptions of videoconferencing in psychology internship training from the perspective of
interns. Videoconferencing offers a means of expanding training beyond conventional on-site models. Psychology interns completed
an online survey about their experiences with videoconferencing and perspectives of its impact on training. Most participants
encountered it in their didactics. Some used it for supervision or other purposes. Interns’ perspectives were complex, with
videoconferencing seen as supporting learning similar to conventional training in some ways, yet as less desirable overall.
Direct comparisons between videoconferencing and on-site training revealed interns perceived videoconferencing as somewhat
less effective, and as deleteriously affecting learning dynamics. Challenges and potential benefits of incorporating videoconferencing
into psychology internship training were identified. Potential benefits include augmenting available internship training and
increasing rural sites’ access to training. 相似文献
455.
Victor Rodych 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2003,34(2):323-336
Most philosophers of science maintain Confirmationism's central tenet, namely, that scientific theories are probabilistically
confirmed by experimental successes. Against this dominant (and old) conception of experimental science, Popper's well-known,
anti-inductivistic Falsificationism (’Deductivism’) has stood, virtually alone, since 1934. Indeed, it is Popper who tells
us that it was he who killed Logical Positivism. It is also pretty well-known that Popper blames Wittgenstein for much that
is wrong with Logical Positivism, just as he despises Wittgenstein and Wittgensteinian philosophers for abdicating philosophy's
true mission. What is not well-known, however, especially because Popper neglected to tell us in 1934, is that Wittgenstein
is very much an ally. It was Wittgenstein who rejected induction in the strongest possible terms as early as 1922, and it
was Wittgenstein who similarly rejected Confirmationism approximately four years prior to Popper. The aims of this paper are
to illuminate the substantial agreements between Popper and Wittgenstein and, by doing so, to clarify their important disagreement
regarding the status of “strictly universal,” scientific theories (or hypotheses).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
456.
The aim of this study is to test the external validity of the short dark triad (SD3) and see whether the dark triad (DT) framework is replicable in Asian societies. In three independent studies involving 443 participants from South Korea, China, and the Philippines, we extend short measures of the DT and the big five framework as well as conduct confirmatory factor analysis to test various models of the SD3 in each country. We also test for measurement invariance, report intercorrelations, alpha coefficients, and gender differences within each sample. Except for Machiavellianism, all models failed configural invariance. Despite failing configural invariance across all three countries, males consistently reported higher means on all DT traits, with psychopathy the lowest, and DT constructs were significantly intercorrelated with each other across all three samples, demonstrating a pattern of consistency with previous DT literature and findings. As the DT continues to gain in popularity and is beginning to surface in cross‐cultural research, we contribute to discussions concerned with the construct's external validity. Our study's findings question what, if any, meaningful interpretations can be made from extending Western‐based personality instruments to Asian (foreign) societies. Limitations and contributions of this study are outlined, and recommendations for future research are summarized. 相似文献
457.
Ajuwon Victor Ojeda Andrés Murphy Robin A. Monteiro Tiago Kacelnik Alex 《Animal cognition》2023,26(2):623-637
Animal Cognition - Signals that reduce uncertainty can be valuable because well-informed decision-makers can better align their preferences to opportunities. However, some birds and mammals display... 相似文献
458.
Andrei?AndrianovEmail author Victor?Kanke Ilya?Kuptsov Viktor?Murogov 《Science and engineering ethics》2015,21(4):999-1018
This article analyzes the present status, development trends, and problems in the ethics of nuclear technology in light of a possible revision of its conceptual foundations. First, to better recognize the current state of nuclear technology ethics and related problems, this article focuses on presenting a picture of the evolution of the concepts and recent achievements related to technoethics, based on the ethics of responsibility. The term ‘ethics of nuclear technology’ describes a multidisciplinary endeavor to examine the problems associated with nuclear technology through ethical frameworks and paradigms. Second, to identify the reasons for the intensification of efforts to develop ethics in relation to nuclear technology, this article presents an analysis of the recent situation and future prospects of nuclear technology deployment. This includes contradictions that have aggravated nuclear dilemmas and debates stimulated by the shortcomings of nuclear technology, as well as the need for the further development of a nuclear culture paradigm that is able to provide a conceptual framework to overcome nuclear challenges. Third, efforts in the field of nuclear technology ethics are presented as a short overview of particular examples, and the major findings regarding obstacles to the development of nuclear technology ethics are also summarized. Finally, a potential methodological course is proposed to overcome inaction in this field; the proposed course provides for the further development of nuclear technology ethics, assuming the axiological multidisciplinary problematization of the main concepts in nuclear engineering through the basic ethical paradigms: analytical, hermeneutical, and poststructuralist. 相似文献
459.
460.
Western philosophers have generally neglected honor as a moral phenomenon worthy of serious study. Appiah’s recent work on honor in moral revolutions is an important exception, but even he is careful to separate honor from morality, regarding it as only “an ally” of morality. In this paper we take Appiah to be right about the psychological, social, and historical role honor has played in three notable moral revolutions, but wrong about the moral nature of honor. We defend two new theses: First, honor is an emotional and moral form of recognition respect that can hinder or aid moral progress. Second, honor, so conceived, can play a rational role in progressive moral change, as it did among the working class in the British abolition of slave trade, when the pressure of moral consistency moved them to protest American slavery as an affront to their honor without change in their moral belief that slavery is wrong. 相似文献