Das „Als-Ob“ in Molekularphysik

Annalen der Philosophie -     

Duration estimation and the phonological loop: Articulatory suppression and irrelevant sounds

Clock-based theories of time estimation propose that clock pulses are accumulated in working memory. Although these theories do not constrain the form of the memory trace, evidence reported in the literature suggests that active manipulation of a verbal trace may be involved. Four experiments are reported in which participants reproduced or verbally estimated short durations (up to a few seconds) either in a single-task condition or in a condition with a phonological load. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 showed that both interval reproduction and verbal estimation were impaired under concurrent articulatory suppression in comparison to a timing only control condition. Neither irrelevant speech (Experiments 1-3) nor irrelevant tones and music (Experiment 3) impaired timing performance. These findings are taken to show that time estimation is mediated by phonological working memory and the involvement of an active articulatory rehearsal process.     

Women at Midlife: Spiritual Maturity and Life Satisfaction

This study examined the relationship between spiritual maturity and life satisfaction in a multi-ethnic, religiously diverse sample of women middle aged and older. Spiritual maturity was measured by the spiritual support and spiritual openness subscales of the Revised Spiritual Experience Index. Life-satisfaction was positively related to spiritual support and spiritual openness. European Americans and African Americans did not differ on life-satisfaction, spiritual support, or spiritual openness. Mean splits on the spiritual-support and spiritual-openness scales were used to classify subjects as underdeveloped, dogmatic, transitional, and growth-oriented. Growth-oriented subjects reported greater life-satisfaction than subjects in all other groups. No other group differences were found.     

A multi-dimensional model for treating families that have survived mother assault

This paper offers a multidimensional family systems approach to treating children and their mothers in families who have survived violence and are in father-absent families. The model incorporates theoretical and clinical ideas from the child witness-to-violence field, the field of traumatic stress, and from feminist thinking. Three areas of intervention are detailed.The authors gratefully acknowledge the suggestions of the reviewers.